Taking Stock of Two Decades of Attachment Transmission Gap: Broadening the Assessment of Maternal Behavior     

Annie Bernier  Célia Matte‐Gagné  Marie‐Ève Bélanger  Natasha Whipple 《Child development》2014,85(5):1852-1865

This report aimed to investigate the capacity of maternal behaviors tailored to children's attachment and exploration systems to jointly explain the well‐known mother–child transmission of attachment. Four home visits were conducted between ages 7 months and 2 years with 130 mother–child dyads to assess maternal attachment state of mind, sensitivity, autonomy support, and mother–child attachment security. Results showed that together, maternal sensitivity and autonomy support fully accounted for the relation between maternal and child attachment, that they each accounted for a unique portion of this relation, and that the magnitude of these mediated pathways was equivalent. These results suggest that the attachment transmission gap can be narrowed by the use of a theory‐driven multidimensional approach to maternal behavior.  相似文献   

Local Observed‐Score Kernel Equating     

Marie Wiberg  Wim J. van der Linden  Alina A. von Davier 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2014,51(1):57-74

Three local observed‐score kernel equating methods that integrate methods from the local equating and kernel equating frameworks are proposed. The new methods were compared with their earlier counterparts with respect to such measures as bias—as defined by Lord's criterion of equity—and percent relative error. The local kernel item response theory observed‐score equating method, which can be used for any of the common equating designs, had a small amount of bias, a low percent relative error, and a relatively low kernel standard error of equating, even when the accuracy of the test was reduced. The local kernel equating methods for the nonequivalent groups with anchor test generally had low bias and were quite stable against changes in the accuracy or length of the anchor test. Although all proposed methods showed small percent relative errors, the local kernel equating methods for the nonequivalent groups with anchor test design had somewhat larger standard error of equating than their kernel method counterparts.  相似文献   

A Model of Academic Self-Concept for High School Hispanic Students in New York     

Flor R. Calero  Christopher Dalley  Nicole Fernandez  Tania Marie Davenport-Dalley  Stephanie L. Tatum 《Journal of Latinos & Education》2014,13(1):33-43

This study examined how Hispanic students’ academic self-concept influences the independent variables of family academic expectations, peer relationships, schoolwork, and student–teacher relationships. A survey was administered to 222 ninth-grade students in Long Island, New York, 99 of whom self-identified as Hispanic. A structural equation model analyzed the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable, academic self-concept. A multiple regression analysis indicated that peer relationships, family academic expectations, and schoolwork were significant predictors of students’ academic self-concept. Peer relationships was a modifying variable on students’ academic self-concept.  相似文献   

Specific and general information sharing among competing academic researchers     

Carolin Haeussler  Lin Jiang  Jerry Thursby  Marie Thursby 《Research Policy》2014

We examine information sharing among academics during the research process and show it is context dependent because of differences in trade-offs. When researchers respond to specific requests for information or materials, potential future reciprocity is weighed against the current loss of competitiveness, while general sharing intermediate results in an open forum is driven by the need for feedback versus potential misappropriation. We formally model these trade-offs and empirically test for differences using a survey of German and UK bio-scientists. Increased competition has a negative impact on sharing in both contexts. But career stage has an effect only on specific sharing with untenured faculty less likely to share. Further, scientists in larger teams are more likely to share specifically, but less likely to share generally. The importance of patents for one's reputation reduces sharing in both contexts, but the effect is greater for general information sharing.  相似文献   

The regulation of release parameters in underarm precision throwing     

Marie A. Dupuy  Denis Mottet  Hubert Ripoll 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):375-382

The aim of this study was to determine if adults spontaneously exploit the laws of physics to achieve better accuracy when throwing at various distances. Eight adults performed 25 underarm throws at five horizontal circular targets located 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m away with a constant 5% relative accuracy requirement. Angle and speed of the ball at release were found to increase with throwing distance, while the coordinates of the release point did not change significantly. These results support the idea that people minimize the variability in impact distance by adapting both the angle and the speed at ball release following a mechanical optimum predicted by the laws of physics. Moreover, variability in distance was found to be less than expected because of independent variations in the angle and speed at ball release. Hence, the control of precision throwing seems to imply compensatory variability, as frequently reported in the control of skilled actions.  相似文献   

Exercise training and impaired glucose tolerance in obese humans     

Andrea Margaret McNeilly  Marie Murphy  Jane McEneny  Tom Trinick  George Burke 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):725-732

Abstract

Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at greater risk of developing diabetes than in normoglycaemia. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 12-weeks exercise training in obese humans with IGT. Eleven participants (6 males and 5 females; 49±9 years; mean Body Mass Index (BMI) 32.4 kg · m^?2), completed a 12-week brisk walking intervention (30 min per day, five days a week (d · wk^?1), at 65% of age-predicted maximal heart rate (HR_max). Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, pulse wave velocity (PWV, to determine arterial stiffness) and blood pressure (BP) were examined at baseline and post intervention. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin, blood lipids, indices of oxidative stress and inflammation (lipid hydroperoxides; superoxide dismutase; multimeric adiponectin concentration and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were also determined. Post intervention, PWV (9.08±1.27 m · s^?1 vs. 8.39±1.21 m · s^?1), systolic BP (145.4±14.5 vs. 135.8±14.9 mmHg), triglycerides (1.52±0.53 mmol ^. L^?1 vs. 1.31±0.54 mmol ^. L^?1), lipid hydroperoxides (1.20±0.47 μM · L^?1 vs. 0.79±0.32 μM · L^?1) and anthropometric measures decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Moderate intensity exercise training improves upper limb vascular function in obese humans with IGT, possibly by improving triglyceride metabolism, which may subsequently reduce oxidative stress. These changes were independent of multimeric adiponectin modification and alterations in other blood biomarkers.  相似文献   

Bullying and social exclusion anxiety in schools     

Dorte Marie Søndergaard 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2012,33(3):355-372

In this article, I develop a new conceptual framework, a new thinking technology, for understanding the bullying that takes place between children in schools. In addition, I propose a new definition of bullying. This new thinking technology reflects a shift in focus from individual characteristics to the social processes that may lead to bullying. The social approach theorises bullying as one of many reactions to particular kinds of social insecurity. The concepts I develop include the necessity of belonging, social exclusion anxiety and the production of contempt and dignity by both children and adults. I also draw on Judith Butler’s concept of abjection. In the last part of the article, I employ Karen Barad’s theory of agential realism, focusing specifically on her concept of intra-acting enacting forces. The entry to the theoretical development is based on empirical data generated in Denmark during a comprehensive five-year study of bullying.  相似文献   

John Dewey among the theologians     

Vivienne Marie Baumfield 《British Journal of Religious Education》2016,38(3):343-345

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Effects of keyword tasks and biasing titles on metacognitive monitoring and recall     

Lippmann  Marie  Danielson  Robert W.  Schwartz  Neil H.  Körndle  Hermann  Narciss  Susanne 《Metacognition and Learning》2021,16(1):233-253

Metacognition and Learning - This investigation examines the effects of keyword tasks (Immediate vs. Delayed) on metacognitive monitoring, study regulation, and recall in multi-step learning tasks,...  相似文献   

Designing Retention Research for Assessment and Enhanced Competitive Advantage     

Delaney  Anne Marie 《Tertiary Education and Management》2008,14(1):57-66

Tertiary Education and Management - Based on a longitudinal study of entering freshmen at a selective, private college in northeastern USA, this article provides a model for designing retention...  相似文献