Adult literacy education and development in Thailand: an historical analysis of policies and programmes from the 1930s to the present     

Pierre Walter 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(2):79-98

This study of adult literacy education in Thailand analyses the ways in which the Thai state has historically shaped adult literacy education policies for development. For the authoritarian Thai state of the 1940s and 1950s, literacy education was a means of promoting nationalism through an imagined community of Thai citizens. For the developmentalist state of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, literacy education was the means to create a new Thai working class for industrial capitalism and export-oriented growth. For the liberal democratic state of the 1990s, literacy education was re-oriented toward a post-Fordist economy. Most recently, in the wake of the 1997 economic crisis and subsequent IMF and ADB ‘structural adjustment’ policies, state educational policies have shifted to an emphasis on fiscal economics over education. While state ideologies of educational policy are dominant in this historical narrative, they also possess internal contradictions contested by popular movements and social groups outside dominant classes. Literacy education in Thailand is, as such, not only the site of production and reproduction of state ideologies, but also of struggles over their meaning. Thus we find within the authoritarian nationalism of the 1940s and 1950s, a movement for popular democracy through literacy education born of the 1932 Revolution; within the work-oriented literacy programs of the 1970s, a trend towards broader community development inspired by the student revolution of October 1973; and within the neoliberal Thai state's embrace of globalization, a call for further democratization of educational opportunities first promoted by the May 1992 uprising and then embodied in the new Constitution of 1997 and the Education Act of 1999.  相似文献   

Activist forest monks,adult learning and the Buddhist environmental movement in Thailand 1     

Pierre Walter 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):329-345

In the tradition of grassroots environmental movements worldwide, activist Buddhist monks in rural Thailand have, since the late 1980s, led a popular movement to protect local forest, water and land resources while at the same time challenging dominant state and corporate ‘economist’ development paradigms. Most famously, these ‘development monks’ (phra nak phathanaa) and ‘ecology monks’ (phra nak anuraksaa) have led local villagers and NGO activists in the symbolic ordaining of large trees and forests (buat paa). They do this in the hope that they will not only protect forests from logging, but also teach local people the value of conserving forest resources. This paper charts the history, philosophy and practice of the activist forest monk movement in Thailand, its contribution to our collective knowledge of adult education in new social movements, and its value to environmental adult education.  相似文献   

Venetian Merchants in Thirteenth-Century Alexandria and the Sultans of Egypt: an Analysis of Treaties,Privileges and Intercultural Relations     

Pierre Moukarzel 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2016,28(2):187-205

During the thirteenth century, competition among the Italian merchants in Alexandria increased and each community sought wider trading privileges. Access to Alexandria's markets was an important addition to Venetian economic power, complementing the contemporary Venetian presence in Aleppo, in Acre and other Frankish ports, and in Constantinople after the fourth crusade in 1204. Venice differed from Pisa and Genoa in the thirteenth century because it was the only Italian merchant city that had signed four trade agreements with the sultans of Egypt. The Venetian treaties with the sultans formed the base of developing the Venetian maritime trade with Alexandria. They obtained privileges that allowed them to exercise commercial supremacy in the eastern Mediterranean. Unlike the other Italian communities settled in the sultan's lands, the Venetian merchants' privileges remained fixed and continued through the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. This article aims to study and analyse commercial and diplomatic relations between Venice and the sultans, the Venetian merchants' privileges and their political and juridical status in Egypt.  相似文献   

Changes in mechanical properties of sprinting during repeated sprint in elite rugby sevens athletes     

Pedro Jiménez-Reyes  Matt Cross  Alex Ross  Pierre Samozino  Matt Brughelli  Nicholas Gill 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):585-594

This study aimed to analyse fatigue-induced changes in mechanical sprinting properties during a specific repeated-sprint test in elite rugby sevens athletes. Twenty elite rugby sevens players performed ten 40?m sprints on a 30?s cycle with participant’s running back and forth in a marked lane. Radar was used to assess maximal overground sprint performance over each 40?m. Macroscopic mechanical properties (maximal horizontal force (F₀), maximal horizontal power (P_max), maximal ratio of horizontal force (RF_peak), decrease in the ratio of horizontal-to-total force (D_RF), total force and maximal sprinting velocity (v₀)) were drawn from horizontal force velocity relationships, using a validated method applied to the speed–time data. Fatigue-induced changes were analysed comparing the first sprint to an average of 2^nd-4^th, 5^th-7^th and 8^th-10^th. Repeated-sprint ability (RSA) testing induced substantial changes in the maximal velocity component, with a decrease (–15%) in v₀ (effect size (ES)?=?–2.46 to –4.98), and to a lower extent (–5.9%) in the maximal force component F₀ (ES?=?–0.59). D_RF moderately decreased (14%; ES=–0.76–1.11), and RF_peak largely decreased in the later sprints (ES?=?–0.32 to –1.27). Fatigue observed in this RSA test appeared to have a greater effect on the technical ability to produce horizontal force at high velocities, likely due to an alteration in the ability to maintain horizontally oriented force application when velocity increases rather than during the initial acceleration phase, but also the overall force production capacity. The ability to maintain forward-oriented force at high velocities is of central importance for identifying fatigue and monitoring load.  相似文献   

Is failure at school inevitable?     

Pierre Laderrière 《Prospects》1984,14(3):377-383

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How did Light Acquire a Velocity?     

Pierre Lauginie 《Science & Education》2013,22(6):1537-1554

We discuss how light acquired a velocity through history, from the ancient Greeks to the early modern era. Combining abstract debates, models of light, practical needs, planned research and chance, this history illustrates several key points that should be brought out in science education.  相似文献   

Collective Intelligence for Educators     

Pierre Levy 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(8):749-754

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Évaluation-sondage dans le premier cycle (12–16 ans)     

Pierre Buisson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1976,6(4):429-445

Sans résuméI.R.E.M. de Rouen  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Lucien Morin  Pierre Angenot  Jean L. Gouveia  André Adan 《Prospects》1980,10(2):240-246

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Are implicit learning abilities sensitive to the type of material to be processed? Study on typical readers and children with dyslexia     

Aurélie Simoës Perlant  Pierre Largy 《Journal of Research in Reading》2011,34(3):298-314

This study aims to examine the impact of the linguistic nature of the material to be tracked in a serial reaction time task on the performance of typical readers and children with dyslexia. In doing so, we wished to detect eventual differences in the mobilisation of implicit learning skills between typical readers according to their experience with the written word (8‐ vs 10‐year‐olds) on the one hand, and between typical readers and children with dyslexia, on the other hand. Experiment 1 confirms the efficiency of implicit sequence learning in typical readers regardless of the nature of the item being tracked. Experiment 2 indicates that the sequence learning of children with dyslexia is sensitive to the nature of the target. Children with dyslexia show differences in the evolution of response times according to the nature of the item to be tracked.  相似文献