The Production Effect Improves Memory in 7- to 10-Year-Old Children     

Verena E. Pritchard  Michelle Heron-Delaney  Stephanie A. Malone  Colin M. MacLeod 《Child development》2020,91(3):901-913

The production effect—whereby reading words aloud improves memory for those words relative to reading them silently—was investigated in two experiments with 7- to 10-year-old children residing in Brisbane, Australia. Experiment 1 (n = 41) involved familiar printed words, with words read aloud or silently appearing either in mixed- or blocked-list formats in a within-subject design. Recognition for words read aloud was better than for those read silently, an effect consistent across both list formats. These results were confirmed in Experiment 2 (n = 40) using longer lists of printed novel nonwords. Final analyses indicated that the production effect was comparable for words and nonwords. Findings are discussed in relation to the distinctiveness account and the use of production as a mnemonic in children.  相似文献   

EMERGING NEW SERVICE ROLES FOR OLDER ADULTS ON COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES     

David C. Pritchard  Karyl Tomb 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(2-3):167-175

A growing need exists to identify and develop meaningful retirement roles for older adults in a variety of settings and modes. College and university campuses provide a particularly stimulating environment for involvement of the retired population not only as lifelong learners but also as contributors to the functional operation of the institution. A national survey was conducted to explore the extent to which programs have been initiated to involve older adults in meaningful volunteer tasks, responsibilities, and roles on university campuses. Emeritus faculty and staff may find these opportunities conducive to continue to perform useful service to the university. Data suggest that although significant barriers exist that hinder the smooth development of service‐oriented programs for the elderly on university campuses, the feasibility of these programs has been demonstrated and a substantial number are currently in operation around the country. Positive outcomes resulting from establishing older adult service programs include improvement of intergenerational communication, reduction of ageism, provision of useful services to educational institutions, and enhancement of the quality of life in retirement.  相似文献   

A Technique of Teaching Poetic Composition     

Bonnie Briley  Candace Kindberg  Mary McCarthy  Meda McCray  Roberta Pritchard 《Clearing house (Menasha, Wis.)》2013,86(5):291-294

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Institutional lifecycles in British higher education     

Rosalind Pritchard 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(1):71-80

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The Struggle to Democratise German Teacher Education     

Rosalind M. O. Pritchard 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(3):355-371

Abstract

Europe is moving closer to political unity and the introduction of the Single European Act will certainly help promote the professional mobility of teachers. However, modes of teacher education vary enormously from one European country to another and this diversity is likely to militate against mobility, making it difficult for nationals of one country to be fully effective outside their own environment. The present article sets out to analyse the German model of teacher education which, although influential, is complex and, due to the federal structure of the country, not easy to research. It indicates briefly the historical reasons for inequalities of status between teachers of various German school types and describes in general terms the most prevalent current arrangements for producing teachers. These are contrasted with attempts to introduce innovative models likely to lead to greater equality within the teaching profession. The paper then concentrates on efforts made in North Rhine Westphalia and Hesse to reform the traditional structures. The ‘One‐Phase Teacher Education’ programme mounted in Lower Saxony in the 1970s and 1980s is singled out for special attention since it represents the most far‐reaching and radical attempt to date to overhaul German teacher education; its eventual failure reveals that the impediments to reform are deep‐rooted within German society.  相似文献   

First- and second-generation design and engineering students: experience,attainment and factors influencing them to attend university     

Clive Hunt  Bethan Collins  Alex Wardrop  Maggie Hutchings  Vanessa Heaslip  Colin Pritchard 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(1):30-43

Challenges for students who are ‘first-in-family’ to attend university have been discussed within widening participation discourse. However, in the UK, ‘first-in-family’ or first-generation students have frequently been conflated with those experiencing poverty or from lower socio-economic groups. This research integrated survey data with assessment data from final-year design and engineering students in a UK university to examine students’ attainment, the influences on why students decide to attend university and students’ experiences during their degree programmes. Analysis of the data showed variations in the reasons for first- and second-generation students wanting to go to university, particularly a significant difference in the influence of parents. First-generation students described significantly less parental influence on the decision to attend university than second- or subsequent-generation students. Smaller differences in students’ experiences and attainment in university were also noted. Whilst first-generation students reported differences in study habits, their attainment was, on average, marginally higher than that of their peers. Building on others’ theoretical work, which suggests the importance of social capital within higher education (HE), this research highlights the difference in social influences on both university application and expectations of university for those with and without a family history of tertiary education. Further research is needed to explore, in larger samples, whether the social influences on individuals’ perception of HE are in turn shaped by whether or not their parents attended university, and further, what impact this may have, not only on degree outcomes but also on the broader benefits typically associated with graduate experience.  相似文献   

Towards a Cochrane Information Retrieval Methods Group: a progress report     

Pritchard SJ  Weightman AL 《Health information and libraries journal》2003,20(Z1):69-71

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The reconstruction of educational studies     

Malcolm Pritchard 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1987,17(1):56-61

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Pupil and Parent Representation in Ireland and Germany     

Rosalind M. O. Pritchard 《比较教育学》1981,17(3):271-284

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The Refinement of an “Ideas Map” as a Means of Assessment and of Enhancing Children’s Understanding of Texts     

Alan Pritchard 《Literacy》1997,31(3):55-59

Ideas maps, or concept maps as they are more usually known, have been accepted by a number of teachers as a useful way of helping establish or clarify children’s knowledge about a particular topic. Here Alan Pritchard presents the results of a useful study which explored the use of ideas maps as a means of evaluating children’s abilities to engage with and understand text.  相似文献