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61.
Sami Yli-Piipari 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(4):468-484
The Finnish education system has received worldwide attention due to the top academic performance of Finnish school students. Physical education, as an integral part of the Finnish education curriculum, potentially contributes to the overall success. The purpose of this article is to summarize Finnish physical education reform during the past decades and to review and critique recent literature that has examined the effectiveness of Finnish physical education programs. This review concludes that physical education has a solid foundation in Finnish schools and that it enjoys strong support in Finnish society. Although physical education contact time has diminished across four decades, the current basic education reform has begun to allocate more time and funding for elementary and middle school physical education. The literature review, however, revealed limited evidence on the effectiveness of physical education programs. In the future, robust studies are needed to provide evidence of the effectiveness of physical education. It is likely that with rigorous research evidence, the current efforts to allocate more time for physical education should be more easily justified and supported. 相似文献
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David Schuster William W. Cobern Betty AJ Adams Adriana Undreiu Brandy Pleasants 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(2):389-435
Science curricula and teaching methods vary greatly, depending in part on which facets of science are emphasized, e.g., core disciplinary ideas or science practices and process skills, and perspectives differ considerably on desirable pedagogies. Given the multi-faceted nature of science and the variety of teaching methods found in practice, it is no simple task to determine what teaching approaches might be most effective and for what purposes. Research into relative efficacy faces considerable challenges, with confounding factors, ambiguities, conflations, and lack of controls being threats to validity. We provide a conceptual framework characterizing the many teaching strategies found in practice as being variants of two fundamental contrasting epistemic modes, and we disentangle conflations of terms and confusions of constructs in both teaching practice and research. Instructional units for two science topics were developed in parallel in the alternative epistemic modes, differing in concept learning paths but otherwise equivalent. We conducted a randomized controlled study of the comparative efficacy of the two modes for learning core disciplinary ideas, using operationally defined active-direct and guided-inquiry teaching methods. Five middle school teachers taught each unit in both modes over 4 years of classroom trials in an 8-day summer program for eighth grade students. Student understanding of core ideas was assessed using pre- and post-tests, and learning gains were analyzed by mode, teacher, topic, and trial year. Although routes to concept understanding were very different in the two modes, eventual student learning gains were similar, within statistical variation. Efficacy variations between and within teachers were greater than between modes, indicating the importance of teacher effects on student achievement. Findings suggest that teachers need not be bound to one mode throughout and can flexibly decide on the pedagogical approach for each concept and situation, on several grounds other than efficacy of core content acquisition alone. 相似文献
64.
This study examines the role of learned societies as publishers in Finland based on bibliographic information from two Finnish databases. We studied the share of learned societies' peer‐reviewed publication channels (serials with ISSNs and book publishers with distinct ISBN roots) and outputs (journal articles, conference articles, book articles, and monographs) in Finland. We also studied the share of learned societies' open access (OA) publications. In 2018, there were 402 peer‐reviewed publication channels in Finland. In 2011–2017, the number of peer‐reviewed publications from scholars working in Finnish universities and published in Finland was 17,724. Learned societies publish around 70% of these channels and publications, mostly in the fields of humanities and social sciences. Learned societies in Finland focus on journal publishing, whereas university presses and commercial publishers focus on book publishing. In 2016–2017, 38.4% of the learned societies' outputs were OA. This study concludes that Finnish learned societies play an integral part in national scholarly publishing. They play an especially important role in journal publishing, as commercial publishers produce only 2.6% of Finnish journals and book series, and only 1.4% of the journal articles from scholars working in Finnish universities. 相似文献
65.
First- and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, we distinguish between firm-level learning effects that result from ‘first-order’ and ‘second-order’ additionalities in innovation policy interventions. ‘First-order’ additionalities represent direct firm-level R&D subsidies, whereas ‘second-order’ additionalities result from knowledge spill-overs, horizontal knowledge exchanges between firms, and from other meso- or community-level effects. Analyzing data from collaborative R&D programs in Finland, we show that enhancing identification with a community of practice among R&D program participants (proxy for second-order additionality) enhances firm-level learning outcomes beyond those resulting from direct R&D subsidy (proxy for first-order additionality). Learning effects facilitated by second-order additionality are not confined to technological learning alone, encompassing also business and market learning. We also show that aspects of program implementation enhance identification with a community of practice, which then mediate the relationship between program implementation and firm-level learning outcomes. 相似文献
66.
Mustafa Sami Top?u ?zgül Y?lmaz-Tüzün Troy D. Sadler 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2011,22(4):313-332
The purpose of the study is to explore Turkish preservice science teachers’ informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues
and the factors influencing their informal reasoning. The researchers engaged 39 preservice science teachers in informal reasoning
interview and moral decision-making interview protocols. Of the seven socioscientific issues, three issues were related to
gene therapy, another three were related to human cloning, and one was related to global warming. The data were analyzed using
an interpretive qualitative research approach. The characteristic of informal reasoning was determined as multidimensional,
and the patterns of informal reasoning emerged as rationalistic, emotive, and intuitive reasoning. The factors influencing
informal reasoning were: personal experiences, social considerations, moral-ethical considerations, and technological concerns. 相似文献
67.
Cobern William W. Adams Betty AJ Pleasants Brandy A-S. Bentley Andrew Kagumba Robert 《Science & Education》2022,31(5):1209-1238
Science & Education - Science includes the fundamental attributes of durability and uncertainty; hence, we teach about the “tentative yet durable” nature of science. Public... 相似文献
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Journal of Science Education and Technology - Studies maintain that computational thinking (CT) is associated with science content and scientific processes as well as with many disciplines. It is... 相似文献
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Journal of Science Education and Technology - 相似文献
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Eltahir Mohd. Elmagzoub Alsalhi Najeh Rajeh Al-Qatawneh Sami AlQudah Hatem Ahmad Jaradat Mazan 《Education and Information Technologies》2021,26(3):3251-3278
Education and Information Technologies - The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of game-based learning (GBL) on students’ motivation, engagement and academic performance on an... 相似文献