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Gultekin Cakmakci Hatice Sevindik Meryem Pektas Asli Uysal Fatma Kole Gamze Kavak 《Research in Science Education》2012,42(3):469-489
This paper reports on an attempt to investigate Turkish primary school students’ interest in science by using their self-generated
questions. We investigated students’ interest in science by analyzing 1704 self-generated science-related questions. Among
them, 826 questions were submitted to a popular science magazine called Science and Children. Such a self-selected sample
may represent a group of students who have a higher level of motivation to seek sources of information outside their formal
education and have more access to resources than the students of low social classes. To overcome this problem, 739 students
were asked to write a question that they wanted to learn from a scientist and as a result 878 questions were gathered. Those
students were selected from 13 different schools at 9 cities in Turkey. These schools were selected to represent a mixture
of socioeconomic areas and also to cover different students’ profile. Students’ questions were classified into two main categories:
the field of interest and the cognitive level of the question. The results point to the popularity of biology, astrophysics,
nature of scientific inquiry, technology and physics over other science areas, as well as indicating a difference in interest
according to gender, grade level and the setting in which the questions were asked. However, our study suggests that only
considering questions submitted to informal learning environments, such as popular science magazines or Ask-A-Scientist Internet
sites has limitations and deficiencies. Other methodologies of data collection also need to be considered in designing teaching
and school science curriculum to meet students’ needs and interest. The findings from our study tend to challenge existing
thinking from other studies. Our results show that self-generated questions asked in an informal and a formal setting have
different patterns. Some aspects of students’ self-generated questions and their implications for policy, science curriculum
reform and teaching are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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This paper studies the grant peer review process employed by the Turkish regional development agencies, which is adapted from a review procedure of the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European Union. To model this process, we consider a Bayesian strategic-form game played by three reviewers who observe both a common and a private score signal about an evaluated project and assign their scores to minimize the sum of their disutilities from the false acceptance and false rejection of the project. We numerically compute the Bayesian Nash equilibria of this game and conduct several comparative statics exercises, after calibrating the model parameters accordingly. We also introduce two simpler review processes and compare their performances to that of the calibrated process in terms of outcome statistics, involving pass and fail rates of the evaluated projects, and manipulation statistics, involving the reviewers’ manipulation rate and size of scores. 相似文献
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Gultekin Cakmakci John Leach James Donnelly 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(15):1795-1815
This cross‐sectional study identifies key conceptual difficulties experienced by upper secondary school and pre‐service chemistry teachers (N = 191) in the area of reaction rates. Students' ideas about reaction rates were elicited through a series of written tasks and individual interviews. In this paper, students' ideas related to reaction rate and its relationship with concentration or pressure are discussed. Evidence is presented to support the following claims. First, school students tended to use “macroscopic” modelling rather than using “particulate” and/or “mathematical” modelling. By contrast, undergraduates were more likely to provide explanations based upon theoretical models and entities within established chemical ideas. Nevertheless, second, they had conceptual difficulties in making transformation within and across different theoretical models. Finally, students did not generally use a scientifically acceptable concept of reaction rate across contexts. Although an acceptable concept may have been used in one context, incorrect ideas may, nonetheless, have been used in other contexts. However, undergraduates' responses were less affected by context. Several conceptual difficulties exhibited by school students persisted among undergraduates. Some possible implications for planning the curriculum and teaching are proposed in the light of the results. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The present study examined mean level similarities and differences as well as correlations between mothers' and fathers' attributions regarding successes and failures in caregiving situations and progressive versus authoritarian attitudes. DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with both mothers and fathers in 77 Swedish families. RESULTS: Fathers reported higher adult-controlled failure and child-controlled failure attributions than did mothers; these differences remained significant after controlling for parents' age, education, and possible social desirability bias. Significant positive correlations were found for mothers' and fathers' progressive attitudes, authoritarian attitudes, and modernity of attitudes after controlling for parents' age, education, and possible social desirability bias. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in Sweden fathers are more likely to attribute failures in caregiving situations both to themselves and to children than are mothers and that there is moderate concordance between fathers and mothers within the same family in progressive and authoritarian parenting attitudes. 相似文献
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Gultekin Cakmakci Ozge Tosun Sebnem Turgut Sefika Orenler Kubra Sengul Gokce Top 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(3):627-655
This study aims at investigating the effects of a teaching intervention, the design of which is informed by evidence from
educational theories and research data, on students’ images of scientists. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent
pre-test–post-test control group (CG) was used to compare the outcomes of the intervention. The subjects of the study were
63 grade 6 (aged 12 and 13) students who were in two different classes and taught by two different teachers. The study was
undertaken in ten class hours over a 4-week period, during which the topics related to matter and heat concepts were covered
as a part of the regular Turkish Science and Technology Curriculum. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two classes in terms of their achievements in the
Science and Technology course (t(63) = −0.943, p > 0.05). Accordingly, one of the classes was randomly selected as the experimental group (EG). A modified version of the
Draw-a-Scientist Test, in conjunction with individual interviews, was used to assess students’ images of scientists at the
beginning and end of the study. The results showed that students who had followed evidence-informed instruction had significant
gains from the pre-test to the post-test regarding their images of scientists compared to students with traditional instruction.
Many students in the EG started to view scientists as realistic people rather than as extraordinary people or mythical creatures.
Nevertheless, several students in the CG held images of scientists and their work which fit a stereotype of scientists as
male, bald, bespectacled, wearing a laboratory coat, working alone in a laboratory environment and having a limited social
life. Some possible implications for teaching and further research are discussed. 相似文献
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Jennifer E. Lansford W. Andrew Rothenberg Jillian Riley Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong Liane Peña Alampay Suha M. Al-Hassan Dario Bacchini Marc H. Bornstein Lei Chang Kirby Deater-Deckard Laura Di Giunta Kenneth A. Dodge Sevtap Gurdal Qin Liu Qian Long Patrick S. Malone Paul Oburu Concetta Pastorelli Ann T. Skinner Emma Sorbring Sombat Tapanya Laurence Steinberg 《Child development》2021,92(4):e493-e512
Children, mothers, and fathers in 12 ethnic and regional groups in nine countries (N = 1,338 families) were interviewed annually for 8 years (Mage child = 8–16 years) to model four domains of parenting as a function of child age, puberty, or both. Latent growth curve models revealed that for boys and girls, parents decrease their warmth, behavioral control, rules/limit-setting, and knowledge solicitation in conjunction with children’s age and pubertal status as children develop from ages 8 to 16 across a range of diverse contexts, with steeper declines after age 11 or 12 in three of the four parenting domains. National, ethnic, and regional differences and similarities in the trajectories as a function of age and puberty are discussed. 相似文献
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W. Andrew Rothenberg Jennifer E. Lansford Marc H. Bornstein Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong Liane Peña Alampay Suha M. Al-Hassan Dario Bacchini Lei Chang Kirby Deater-Deckard Laura Di Giunta Kenneth A. Dodge Sevtap Gurdal Qin Liu Qian Long Patrick S. Malone Paul Oburu Concetta Pastorelli Ann T. Skinner Emma Sorbring Sombat Tapanya Laurence Steinberg 《Child development》2021,92(6):e1138-e1153
Families from nine countries (N = 1,338) were interviewed annually seven times (Mage child = 7–15) to test specificity and commonality in parenting behaviors associated with child flourishing and moderation of associations by normativeness of parenting. Participants included 1,338 children (M = 8.59 years, SD = 0.68, range = 7–11 years; 50% girls), their mothers (N = 1,283, M = 37.04 years, SD = 6.51, range = 19–70 years), and their fathers (N = 1,170, M = 40.19 years, SD = 6.75, range = 22–76 years) at Wave 1 of 7 annual waves collected between 2008 and 2017. Families were recruited from 12 ethnocultural groups in nine countries including: Shanghai, China (n = 123); Medellín, Colombia (n = 108); Naples (n = 102) and Rome (n = 111), Italy; Zarqa, Jordan (n = 114); Kisumu, Kenya (n = 100); Manila, Philippines (n = 120); Trollhättan & Vänersborg, Sweden (n = 129); Chiang Mai, Thailand (n = 120); and Durham, NC, United States (n = 110 White, n = 102 Black, n = 99 Latinx). Intergenerational parenting (parenting passed from Generation 1 to Generation 2) demonstrated specificity. Children from cultures with above-average G2 parent warmth experienced the most benefit from the intergenerational transmission of warmth, whereas children from cultures with below-average G2 hostility, neglect, and rejection were best protected from deleterious intergenerational effects of parenting behaviors on flourishing. Single-generation parenting (Generation 2 parenting directly associated with Generation 3 flourishing) demonstrated commonality. Parent warmth promoted, and parent hostility, neglect, and rejection impeded the development of child flourishing largely regardless of parenting norms. 相似文献
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