An Investigation of Forgiveness-seeking Communication and Relational Outcomes     

Vincent R. Waldron 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(3):339-358

Therapists and theologians claim that the process of forgiveness is essential to the restoration of damaged relationships, but this possibility has received limited empirical attention. Furthermore, the role of an offender's communicative behavior in the forgiveness process remains understudied. This project first analyzed an inductively derived list of communication behaviors to develop a taxonomy of forgiveness-seeking approaches used by 186 romantic partners. These were interpreted with reference to face-management, uncertainty reduction, and rule-negotiation approaches to relationship recovery. Associations between the types of forgiveness-seeking communication and several different measures of post-transgression relationship change were examined. Results indicated that relationships recovered significantly when offending partners used behaviors labeled as explicit acknowledgment, nonverbal assurance, and compensation. Significant communicative effects remained after the effects of transgression severity were controlled. Results are interpreted as partially supportive of the assumption that forgiveness-seeking communication facilitates recovery from relational damage.  相似文献   

Practical Application of a Synthetic Linking Function on Small-Sample Equating     

Sooyeon Kim  Alina A. von Davier  Shelby Haberman 《教育实用测度》2013,26(2):95-114

The synthetic function is a weighted average of the identity (the linking function for forms that are known to be completely parallel) and a traditional equating method. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the benefits of the synthetic function on small-sample equating using various real data sets gathered from different administrations of tests from a licensure testing program. We investigated the chained linear, Tucker, Levine, and mean equating methods, along with the identity and the synthetic functions with small samples (N = 19 to 70). The synthetic function did not perform as well as did other linear equating methods because test forms differed markedly in difficulty; thus, the use of the identity function produced substantial bias. The effectiveness of the synthetic function depended on the forms' similarity in difficulty.  相似文献   

Seven-day ischaemic preconditioning improves muscle efficiency during cycling     

Owen Jeffries  Daniel Thomas Evans  Mark Waldron  Adam Coussens  Stephen David Patterson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2798-2805

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Neuromuscular,biochemical and perceptual post-match fatigue in professional rugby league forwards and backs     

Craig Twist  Mark Waldron  Jamie Highton  Dean Burt  Matthew Daniels 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):359-367

Abstract

In this study, we investigated changes in creatine kinase, perceptual and neuromuscular fatigue of professional rugby league players after match-play. Twenty-three male rugby league players (10 backs, 13 forwards) had their creatine kinase, perceptual ratings of fatigue, attitude to training, muscle soreness, and flight time in a countermovement jump measured before and 1 and 2 days after (day 1 and day 2 respectively) league matches. Total playing time, offensive and defensive contacts were also recorded for each player. Creatine kinase was higher both 1 and 2 days after than before matches (P < 0.05) in forwards and backs. Similarly, perceived fatigue and muscle soreness were higher than pre-match on both days 1 and 2 (P < 0.05), but did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Jump performance was lower on day 1 but not day 2 for both groups (P < 0.05). While total playing time was longer in backs (P < 0.05), relative frequencies for all contacts were greater in forwards (P < 0.05). Contacts for forwards were correlated with all markers of fatigue (P < 0.05), but only flight time was correlated with offensive contacts in backs (P < 0.05). Despite the mechanisms of fatigue being different between forwards and backs, our results highlight the multidimensional nature of fatigue after a rugby league match and that these markers do not differ between positions.  相似文献   

Exploring employee engagement through communication     

Shelby Schroeder  Daniel P. Modaff 《Qualitative Research Reports in Communication》2018,19(1):35-43

Employee engagement has been shown to be related to higher organizational productivity and profitability, among other favorable outcomes; however, there is disagreement in the literature regarding the definition of employee engagement and how employees enact their engagement. The current study explored how employees of a cooperative communicatively displayed their own engagement to others inside and outside of the organization. Fifteen semi-structured interviews with employees were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results showed that employees displayed their engagement to others through external displays, which contradicts past research done on employee engagement. The study also revealed that social exchanges occurred between the organization and the employees. The ways in which employees communicated their engagement was a direct response to the exchanges occurring between these multiple stakeholders.  相似文献   

Team Shared Cognitive Constructs: A Meta‐Analysis Exploring the Effects of Shared Cognitive Constructs on Team Performance     

John R. Turner  Qi Chen  Shelby Danks 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2014,27(1):83-117

Sharing similar cognitive structures among team members is one key element for the collective to solve problems and work more efficiently (DeChurch & Mesmer‐Magnus, 2010). Research has shown that team cognition is positively associated with team performance in both organizational and educational settings. Team shared cognition constructs are relatively new constructs and have been identified in the literature as team mental models, shared mental models, information sharing, transactive memory systems, cognitive congruence, and group learning. Cannon‐Bowers and Salas (2001) called for better measures of shared cognition to be developed, partially through the integration of shared cognition measures across disciplines. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to look at these six team cognition constructs in an effort to help identify which measure, if any, results in predicting team performance best. Results indicated that information sharing was statistically significant compared to team mental memory and group learning, and marginally significant compared to transactive memory systems. Additionally, shared mental models and cognitive congruence showed higher associations with performance compared to team mental models, group learning, and transactive memory systems.  相似文献