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Max R. Paquette Brian K. Schilling Joshua D. Bravo Shelby A. Peel Yuhua Li Robert J. Townsend 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(1):44-51
Understanding the effects of training in different footwear on sporting performance would be useful to coaches and athletes. Purpose: This study compared the effects of computerized agility training using 3 types of footwear on change-of-direction and balance performance in young adults. Method: Thirty recreationally active young adults (Mage = 22.8 ± 3.1 years; Mheight = 1.71 ± 0.7 m; Mbodymass = 73.4 ± 10.3 kg) were randomly assigned to a 6-week computerized agility training intervention in 1 of 3 footwear groups (n = 10/group): barefoot, minimal footwear, or traditional shoes. Participants had no previous barefoot or minimal-footwear training experience. Dependent variables included change-of-direction test time to completion, Star Excursion Balance Test, and single-leg stability evaluation. Testing was performed at the start of the training program, after 2 weeks, after 4 weeks, and at the end of the training program. Results: No group or time interactions were found for any of the dependent variables. Time main effects were observed for the performance measures of change of direction, Star Excursion, and single-leg-with-eyes-open stability evaluation. Participants improved in all 3 tests as early as 2 weeks into the intervention, with improvements continuing through the entire 6-week intervention. Conclusions: The lack of interaction and footwear effects suggests that agility and balance improvements during foot agility training are independent of footwear in a recreationally active young-adult population. Computerized agility training improves change-of-direction and balance performance within 2 weeks of training implementation. Future studies should consider footwear training effects in different populations, including frail older adults and athletes. 相似文献
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Masataka Umeda Wanseok Lee Courtney A. Marino Shelby C. Hilliard 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(5):467-476
This study examined the potential influence of moderate intensity physical activity (PA) levels and gender on central pain modulation using conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in healthy men and women. Twenty four individuals (12 men and 12 women) who reported engaging in the moderate intensity PA for 150 min or more per week and 24 individuals (12 men and 12 women) who reported engaging in moderate intensity PA for 60 min or less per week completed a self-report PA questionnaire and a 7-day PA assessment using an accelerometer. Furthermore, the participants completed the CPM testing to evaluate the efficiency of central pain modulation. The active individuals scored higher on the PA questionnaire and spent more minutes for light, lifestyle, moderate and vigorous intensity PA than the less active individuals. The active men and women exhibited comparable magnitudes of CPM, and showed a greater magnitude of CPM when compared to their less active counterparts. However, these beneficial effects of higher dose moderate intensity PA disappeared when time spent for vigorous intensity PA was statistically controlled for. These results suggest that the higher dose moderate intensity PA does not add to the benefits from vigorous intensity PA to further improve central pain modulatory systems. 相似文献
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High-School Students' Attitudes Regarding Procedural Abstraction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bruria Haberman 《Education and Information Technologies》2004,9(2):131-145
During the last decade a new computer science curriculum has been taught in Israeli high schools. This curriculum introduces CS concepts and problem-solving methods independently of specific computers and programming languages, along with the practical implementation of those concepts and methods encountered in actual programming languages. The advanced study unit of the curriculum, Software Design, introduces the students to various aspects of software systems design through the use of abstract data types (ADTs). One main goal of the unit is to develop abstract thinking skills and problem-solving abilities. More specifically, the unit presents principles such as procedural abstraction, data abstraction, information hiding, modularity, efficiency, and reuse of code.We present the results of a preliminary study whose aim was to assess students' attitudes regarding procedural abstraction. The research population consisted of high-school students who attended the Software Design course (beginners), and a control group of undergraduate CS students (advanced). The results of the study clearly indicated a significant difference between the attitudes of the two groups. We found that the advanced students preferred algorithms that were formulated to some extent with high-level abstraction; however, they encountered a cognitive barrier when dealing with algorithms that they had evaluated as too abstract for them. However, beginners felt more comfortable with algorithms with low-level abstraction. Nevertheless they showed open-mindedness toward some degree of procedural abstraction. The results of the study were used to design scaffolding problem-solving tools for algorithm development, utilizing procedural abstraction techniques that can be adapted to various student populations (Haberman, B. (2002) SIGCSE Bulletin, 34(4), 60–64). 相似文献
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Erica Rosenfeld Halverson Damiana Gibbons Shelby Copeland Alon Andrews Belen Hernando Llorens Michelle B. Bass 《Learning, Media and Technology》2014,39(3):386-403
In this article, we explore how youth audiences evaluate the quality of youth-produced films. Our interest stems from a dearth of ways to measure the quality of what youth produce in artistic production processes. As a result, making art in formal learning settings devolves into either romanticized creativity or instrumental work to improve skills in core content areas. We conducted focus groups with 38 youth participants where they viewed four different films produced by the same youth media arts organization that works with young people to produce short-form, autobiographical documentaries. We found that youth focused their evaluations on identifying the films' genre and content and on assessing how well the filmmakers' creative decisions fit with identifications of genre and content. Evaluations were mediated by audiences' expectations and seemed to inform judgments of quality and creativity. We hope that our work can inform the design of formal learning spaces where young people are producing narrative art. 相似文献
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Shelby Waldron J. D. DeFreese Johna Register-Mihalik Brian Pietrosimone Nikki Barczak 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2020,72(1):1-18
ABSTRACTThere is a growing trend toward specialization in American youth sport, evident in the number of elite youth competitions and position statements from major medical organizations. Despite growing interest on this topic for kinesiology professionals within higher education, there is a dearth in research regarding the relationship between specialization and athlete health outcomes, especially psychosocial outcomes. This critical review describes specialization theory and the limited extant research on the costs and benefits of single-sport specialization. Topics include: (a) the proposed benefits of specialization from the performance perspective; (b) early specialization and alternative sport participation pathways; (c) the posited psychosocial and physical health risks of sport specialization; (d) ethical concerns; and (e) methodological issues and recommendations for future research. Deeper understanding of the costs and benefits of sport specialization has significant practical implications for youth athletes’ performance and well-being and for other relevant stakeholders in the youth sport system. 相似文献
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There is an increasing interest in reporting subscores, both at examinee level and at aggregate levels. However, it is important to ensure reasonable subscore performance in terms of high reliability and validity to minimize incorrect instructional and remediation decisions. This article employs a statistical measure based on classical test theory that is conceptually similar to the test reliability measure and can be used to determine when subscores have any added value over total scores. The usefulness of subscores is examined both at the level of the examinees and at the level of the institutions that the examinees belong to. The suggested approach is applied to two data sets from a basic skills test. The results provide little support in favor of reporting subscores for either examinees or institutions for the tests studied here. 相似文献
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This study contributes to the understanding of early childhood educators’ and parents’ attitudes and practices in relation to outdoor risky play for children. This study included 26 early childhood educators and 112 parents in rural and metropolitan areas of Australia and the United States. Participants completed an online survey about their perspectives and practices related to the provision of opportunities for children to engage in outdoor risky play. Questions also investigated reasons that prevented participants from providing such opportunities for children. Findings indicated that most educators thought it was important for children to be provided opportunities for outdoor risky play and did provide appropriate activities. Types of outdoor risky play opportunities fell into the categories of supporting large motor skills, supporting free exploration of the environment, and supporting assessment of risk. However, educators located in Australia rated outdoor risky play opportunities as significantly more important compared to educators in the US. Many parents also felt outdoor risky play was important and provided appropriate activities. Opportunities provided by parents fell into the same categories as educators, with additional features of nervousness and a desire to avoid hovering. Many parents identified the young age of the child and safety concerns as barriers. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献