Perianal findings in prepubertal children selected for nonabuse: a descriptive study   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

J McCann  J Voris  M Simon  R Wells 《Child abuse & neglect》1989,13(2):179-193

The results of the perianal portion of a project designed to collect normative data of the anogenital anatomy from a representative sample of prepubertal children is presented. A total of 318 children were examined by three physicians from a child sexual abuse evaluation program. After screening for the onset of puberty and the possibility of undetected abuse, 267 subjects remained. The sample included 161 girls and 106 boys ranging in age from 2 months to 11 years. The perianal findings that were encountered with the greatest frequency included erythema (41%), increased pigmentation (30%), and venous engorgement (52%) after two minutes in the knee-chest position. Wedge-shaped smooth areas in the midline, with or without depressions, were found both anterior and posterior to the anus in 26% of the children. Anal skin tags/folds were discovered anterior to the anus in 11%. In 49% of the children there was some dilatation of the anus which opened and closed intermittently in 62%. Flattening of the anal verge and rugae occurred during dilatation by the midpoint of the examination in 44% and 34%, respectively. Perianal findings that were found infrequently in all subgroups included skin tags/folds (0%) and scars (1%) outside the midline, anal dilatation greater than 20 mm without the presence of stool in the rectal ampulla (1.2%), irregularity of the anal orifice after complete dilatation (3%), and prominence of the anal verge (3%). No abrasions, hematomas, fissures, or hemorrhoids were encountered. Less commonly detected findings within specific subgroups included perianal erythema in girls (32%) as compared to boys (57%), pigmentation in the lighter skinned white children (22%) when compared to black (53%) and Hispanic (58%) children, and venous congestion at the beginning of the examination (7%) when compared to the same findings after four minutes in the knee-chest position (73%). There were no perianal skin tags/folds found in the boys. The relatively high incidence of perianal soft tissue changes that were found in this study, when compared to the frequency of similar observations in children suspected of having been sexually abused, reemphasizes the caution medical examiners must exercise in rendering an opinion as to the significance of medical findings.  相似文献   

Making sense of learner and learning Big Data: reviewing five years of Data Wrangling at the Open University UK     

Bart Rienties  Simon Cross  Vicky Marsh  Thomas Ullmann 《Open Learning》2017,32(3):279-293

Most distance learning institutions collect vast amounts of learning data. Making sense of this ‘Big Data’ can be a challenge, in particular when data are stored at different data warehouses and require advanced statistical skills to interpret complex patterns of data. As a leading institute on learning analytics, the Open University UK instigated in 2012 a Data Wrangling initiative. This provided every Faculty with a dedicated academic with expertise data analysis and whose task is to provide strategic, pedagogical and sense-making advice to staff and senior management. Given substantial changes within the OU (e.g. new Faculty structure, real-time dashboards, two large-scale adoptions of predictive analytics approaches, increased reliance on analytics), this embedded case study provides an in-depth review of lessons learned of five years of data wrangling. We will elaborate on the design of the new structure, its strengths and potential weaknesses, and affordances to be adopted by other institutions.  相似文献   

Why some teachers easily learn to use a new virtual learning environment: a technology acceptance perspective     

Bart Rienties  Bas Giesbers  Simon Lygo-Baker  Hoi Wah Serena Ma  Roger Rees 《Interactive Learning Environments》2016,24(3):539-552

After a decade of virtual learning environments (VLEs) in higher education, many teachers still use only a minimum of its affordances. This study looked at how academic staff interacted with a new and unknown VLE in order to understand how technology acceptance and support materials influence (perceived and actual) task performance. In an experimental design, 36 participants were split into a control (online help) and experimental (instructor video) condition and completed five common teaching tasks in a new VLE. In contrast to most technology acceptance model research, this study found that perceived usefulness of the VLE was not related to (perceived) task performance. Perceived ease of use was related to intentions and actual behaviour in the VLE. Furthermore, no significant difference was found between the two conditions, although the experimental condition led to a (marginal) increase in time to complete the tasks.  相似文献   

Inter-Parietal White Matter Development Predicts Numerical Performance in Young Children     

Cantlon JF  Davis SW  Libertus ME  Kahane J  Brannon EM  Pelphrey KA 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(6):672-680

In an effort to understand the role of interhemispheric transfer in numerical development, we investigated the relationship between children's developing knowledge of numbers and the integrity of their white matter connections between the cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum). We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography analyses to test the link between the development of the corpus callosum and performance on symbolic and non-symbolic numerical judgment tasks. We were especially interested in the interhemispheric connections of parietal cortex in 6-year-old children, because regions of parietal cortex have been implicated in the development of numerical skills by several prior studies. Our results revealed significant structural differences between children and adults in the fibers of the corpus callosum connecting the left and right parietal lobes. Importantly, these structural differences were predictive of individual differences among children in performance on numerical judgment tasks: children with poor numerical performance relative to their peers exhibited reduced white matter coherence in the fibers passing through the isthmus of the corpus callosum, which connects the parietal hemispheres.  相似文献   

Case Study,Case Records and Multimedia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rob Walker 《Cambridge Journal of Education》2002,32(1):109-127

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Sexuality, gender and schooling: shifting agendas in social learning: Mary Jane Kehily: Routledge/Falmer, London and New York, ISBN 0-415-28047-8. pp 214, Cost not given     

Barbara M. Walker 《International Journal of Educational Development》2003,23(6):679-680

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K S Krishnan’s 1948 perception of the sampling theorem     

Rajiah Simon 《Resonance》2002,7(2):20-25

K S Krishnan discovered in 1948 that the sum over samples of a band-limited function gives the value of the integral of the function exactly, provided the sampling interval does not exceed a threshold value. This result of Krishnan is shown to be equivalent to the Shannon sampling theorem.  相似文献   

Mainstreaming visually handicapped preschoolers.     

E P Simon  A E Gillman 《Exceptional children》1979,45(6):463-464

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A comparison of deaf and hearing teacher effectiveness     

T S Serwatka  R A Anthony  S C Simon 《American annals of the deaf》1986,131(5):339-343

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The worldwide trend to high participation higher education: dynamics of social stratification in inclusive systems     

Simon Marginson 《Higher Education》2016,72(4):413-434

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