Innovation persistence: Survey and case-study evidence     

Stephen Roper  Nola Hewitt-Dundas 《Research Policy》2008,37(1):149-162

Evidence on the persistence of innovation sheds light on the nature of the innovation process and can guide appropriate policy development. This paper examines innovation persistence in Ireland and Northern Ireland using complementary quantitative and case-study approaches. Panel data derived from innovation surveys is used, and suggests very different results to previous analyses of innovation persistence primarily based on patents data. Product and process innovation are found to exhibit strong general persistence but we find no evidence that persistence is stronger among highly active innovators. Our quantitative evidence is most strongly consistent with a process of cumulative accumulation at plant level. Our case-studies highlight a number of factors which can either interrupt or stimulate this process including market volatility, plants’ organisational context and regulatory changes. Notably, however, the balance of influences on product and process innovation persistence differs, with product innovation persistence linked more strongly to strategic factors and process changes more often driven by market pressures.  相似文献   

论体育运动中情绪过程的功能意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

迪特尔·哈克福特 《体育科学》2000,20(5):70-71,76

1　前言让我先讲个小故事吧。有一位年青的网球运动员 ,他对自己能够闯入决赛感到非常兴奋 ,这在赛前他是想也没有想到过的。进入中心赛场后 ,听到观众如潮的掌声 ,一种骄傲的感觉油然而生 ,但同时他也感到自己心跳强烈 ,手心出汗 ,他不禁问自己 :我是不是能够不负众望 ?是不是能和两周前打得一样好呢 ?心中涌出一丝害怕失败的感觉。在赛前适应场地时 ,他在场内来回跑动、击球 ,注意力开始集中于球赛 ,紧张的感觉逐渐减轻 ,在场上的感觉也越来越好。比赛开始了 ,……比赛中 ,他时而为了一个幸运球而兴奋 ;时而为了自己愚蠢的回球后而懊悔不…  相似文献   

Validating the Sedentary Sphere method in children: Does wrist or accelerometer brand matter?     

Liezel Hurter  Alex V. Rowlands  Stuart J. Fairclough  Karl C. Gibbon  Zoe R. Knowles  Lorna A. Porcellato 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1910-1918

This study aimed to validate the Sedentary Sphere posture classification method from wrist-worn accelerometers in children. Twenty-seven 9–10-year-old children wore ActiGraph GT9X (AG) and GENEActiv (GA) accelerometers on both wrists, and activPAL on the thigh while completing prescribed activities: five sedentary activities, standing with a phone, walking (criterion for all 7: observation) and 10-min free-living play (criterion: activPAL). In an independent sample, 21 children wore AG and GA accelerometers on the non-dominant wrist and activPAL for two days of free-living. Per cent accuracy, pairwise 95% equivalence tests (±10% equivalence zone) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) analyses were completed. Accuracy was similar, for prescribed activities irrespective of brand (non-dominant wrist: 77–78%; dominant wrist: 79%). Posture estimates were equivalent between wrists within brand (±6%, ICC > 0.81, lower 95% CI ≥ 0.75), between brands worn on the same wrist (±5%, ICC ≥ 0.84, lower 95% CI ≥ 0.80) and between brands worn on opposing wrists (±6%, ICC ≥ 0.78, lower 95% CI ≥ 0.72). Agreement with activPAL during free-living was 77%, but sedentary time was underestimated by 7% (GA) and 10% (AG). The Sedentary Sphere can be used to classify posture from wrist-worn AG and GA accelerometers for group-level estimates in children, but future work is needed to improve the algorithm for better individual-level results.  相似文献   

Effect of the look-up line on the gaze and head orientation of elite ice hockey players     

Joan N. Vickers  Joe Causer  Michael Stuart  Elaine Little  Sean Dukelow  Marc Lavangie 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):109-117

Abstract

A “look-up line” (LUL) has been proposed for ice hockey, which is an orange 1?m (40′) warning line (WL) painted on the ice at the base of the boards. The LUL purports to provide an early warning to players to keep their head up prior to and as they are being checked. We determined if players looked up more on a rink with the LUL compared to a traditional Control rink. Elite offensive (O) and defensive (D) players competed 1 vs. 1, while wearing an eye tracker that recorded their quiet eye (QE) and fixation and tracking (F-T) and an electrogoniometer that measured head angle. External cameras recorded skate duration during four skate phases: P1 preparation, P2 decision-making, P3 cut to boards, P4 contact. The QE was the final fixation prior to contact between O and D as they skated towards and across the WL during P3 and P4. Skate phase durations (%) did not differ by rink or rink by position. More QE and F-T occurred on the WL on the LUL rink than on the Control. The expected increase in head angle on the LUL rink did not occur during P3 or P4. Post-hoc results also showed O and D skated further from the boards on the LUL rink, suggesting the players preferred to control the puck on white ice, rather than the orange colour of the LUL rink. More research is needed to determine if these results apply to the competitive setting.  相似文献   

The effects of synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance     

Simpson SD  Karageorghis CI 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(10):1095-1102

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of motivating and oudeterous (neither motivating nor demotivating) synchronous music on 400-m sprint performance while controlling for the potential confound of pre-performance mood. A panel of volunteer Caucasian males (n = 20; mean age = 20.5 years, s = 1.2) rated the motivational qualities of 32 musical selections using the Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2. An experimental group of volunteer Caucasian males (n = 36; mean age = 20.4 years, s = 1.4) completed three 400-m time trials under conditions of motivational music, oudeterous music, and a no-music control. Pre-performance mood was assessed using the Brunel University Mood Scale (BRUMS). A series of repeated-measures analyses of variance with Bonferroni adjustment revealed no differences in the BRUMS subscales. A repeated-measures analysis of variance on the 400-m times showed a significant effect (F1.24, 42.19 = 10.54, P < 0.001, eta 2 = 0.24) and follow-up pair wise comparisons revealed differences between the synchronous music conditions and the control condition. This finding supported the first research hypothesis, that synchronous music would result in better performance than a no-music control, but not the second hypothesis, that performance in the motivational synchronous music condition would be better than that in the oudeterous condition. It appears that synchronous music can be applied to anaerobic endurance performance among non-elite sports persons with a considerable positive effect.  相似文献   

Some leading features of the stark effect     

J.Stuart Foster 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1930,209(5):585-624

  相似文献   

Recommendations for statistical analysis involving null hypothesis significance testing     

Andrew J. Harrison  Stuart A. McErlain-Naylor  Elizabeth J. Bradshaw  Boyi Dai  Hiroyuki Nunome  Gerwyn T.G. Hughes 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(5):561-568

  相似文献   

Integrations and Suffocations     

Stuart Macdonald 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》1985,4(2):101-102

  相似文献   

Two Tasks of the Ad Hoc Council for Educational Reform in Socio‐Cultural Perspective     

Stuart D.B. Picken 《比较教育学》1986,22(1):59-64

  相似文献   

The significance of technological change in medicine: An introduction     

Stuart S. Blume 《Research Policy》1985,14(4):173-177

  相似文献