Stability in Mother-Child Interactions from Infancy through Adolescence     

Else-Quest NM  Clark R  Owen MT 《Parenting, science and practice》2011,11(4):280-287

OBJECTIVE: The current study examines homotypic stability in mother-child interactions, applying similar rating scales of mother-child interactions at 1 and 4.5 years, and heterotypic stability from 1 to 13 years and 4.5 to 13 years, using conceptually similar but not identical rating scales at age 13. DESIGN: We coded videotaped mother-child interactions in 202 families when children were 1, 4.5, and 13 years of age during age-appropriate and developmentally salient structured tasks for relationship quality. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses controlled for the effects of child birth order and gender as well as maternal age and education. Maternal and dyadic, but not child, mother-child interaction qualities at 1 year significantly predicted similar or equivalent constructs at 4.5 and 13 years. Heterotypic stability from 1 to 13 years was partially or fully mediated by the same constructs at 4.5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal behaviors showed a pattern of homotypic and heterotypic stability, whereas dyadic behaviors were somewhat less stable. Child behaviors showed evidence of both homotypic and heterotypic instability.  相似文献   

Reporting child abuse: pediatricians' experiences with the child protection system     

Vulliamy AP  Sullivan R 《Child abuse & neglect》2000,24(11):1461-1470

OBJECTIVE: To explore pediatricians' reluctance to adhere to a legal mandate to report suspected child abuse and to compare their perspectives with those described in other jurisdictions in studies informed by different theories and employing diverse methodologies. METHOD: An anonymous survey questionnaire was distributed to all pediatricians with admitting privileges to B.C. Children's Hospital which has a specialized Child Protection Services Unit. Physicians were asked about their own prior reporting experience and the influence of that experience upon future reporting decisions. They were also asked why they think other physicians might be reluctant to report (N = 26). RESULTS: While respondents were generally positive about their experience in filing a report to Child Protective Services, they were less positive about the dearth of feedback they received and they were undecided as to whether there was a positive outcome to their report. Their perceptions of the reasons colleagues might fail to report emphasized dissatisfaction with CPS, concern with loss of relationship with the child's parents, and a desire to avoid court proceedings. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians' noncompliance or at least dissatisfaction with their child abuse reporting mandate is an international problem that can not be addressed by institutional protocols alone. Confusions about the limitations on confidentiality and information sharing might be better addressed through more shared training and opportunities for collaboration than by legal mandates and institutional protocols alone. Organizational theory and exchange theory might inform future research about the conditions under which collaboration is enhanced in the service of protecting children.  相似文献   

政治基本原理、人类发展理论与教育实践     

R·默里·托马斯  彭钢 《教育理论与实践》1988,(6)

要理解一个社会教育实践的发展,必须通过分析政治基本原理、人类发展理论和教育进程是如何相互作用的。“政治基本原理”是一种提出并证明某种政治体制合理性的观点。“人类发展理论”这一短语意指关于人们怎样扩展他的生活广度的一系列信念。每一种政治体制都建立在一种人类发展理论基础之上。我们把“教育实践”这个概念看作:在某一社会中,按照一种需要的形式,为塑造人的发展而有意识地采取的方法。此外,还须认识四种类型的理论:描述性的、潜在性的、或然性的和指令性的。描述性的理论试图阐明关于人类发展过程的经验主义观念。这种理论回答这样的问题:为什么人们采取了他们所希望的方式发展?相反,潜在  相似文献   

Genetic influences in different aspects of language development: the etiology of language skills in 4.5-year-old twins     

Kovas Y  Hayiou-Thomas ME  Oliver B  Dale PS  Bishop DV  Plomin R 《Child development》2005,76(3):632-651

The genetic and environmental etiologies of diverse aspects of language ability and disability, including articulation, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and verbal memory, were investigated in a U.K. sample of 787 pairs of 4.5-year-old same-sex and opposite-sex twins. Moderate genetic influence was found for all aspects of language in the normal range. A similar pattern was found at the low end of the distribution with the exception of two receptive measures. Environmental influence was mainly due to nonshared factors, unique to the individual, with little influence from shared environment for most measures. Genetic and environmental influences on language ability and disability are quantitatively and qualitatively similar for males and females.  相似文献   

Access to postsecondary education through sign language interpreting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marschark M  Sapere P  Convertino C  Seewagen R 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2005,10(1):38-50

Despite the importance of sign language interpreting for many deaf students, there is surprisingly little research concerning its effectiveness in the classroom. The limited research in this area is reviewed, and a new study is presented that included 23 interpreters, 105 deaf students, and 22 hearing students. Students saw two interpreted university-level lectures, each preceded by a test of prior content knowledge and followed by a post-lecture assessment of learning. A variety of demographic and qualitative data also were collected. Variables of primary interest included the effects of a match or mismatch between student interpreting preferences (interpreting vs. transliteration) and the actual mode of interpreting, student-interpreter familiarity, and interpreter experience. Results clarify previous contradictory findings concerning the importance of student interpreting preferences and extend earlier studies indicating that deaf students acquire less than hearing peers from interpreted college-level lectures. Issues relating to access and success in integrated academic settings are discussed as they relate to relations among student characteristics, interpreter characteristics, and educational settings.  相似文献   

Shock therapy returns     

Twombly R 《New scientist (1971)》1994,141(1915):21-23

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ADHD: a psychological response to an evolving concept. (Report of a Working Party of the British Psychological Society)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reason R;Working Party of the British Psychological Society 《Journal of learning disabilities》1999,32(1):85-91

The British Psychological Society is the only national organization of psychologists within the United Kingdom representing all aspects of psychology and all subspecialisms within psychology. It is both a learned scientific society and a professional association. To address the concept of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the Professional Affairs Board of the Society convened a Working Party, consisting of individuals nominated by subsystems of the Society because of their recognized professional and academic expertise. They covered a range of specialisms, including educational, clinical, criminological, neurological, and cognitive psychology. A report by the Working Party was published in September 1996. It had two main aims: first, to outline the research that was relevant to current understanding of the notion of ADHD from an historical, psychological, and biological perspective, and, second, to consider implications for practice in the light of the information obtained. The focus was predominantly on children, although it was recognized that problems could persist into adulthood. The intention was to write a report for professionals that also would be accessible to a wider audience. This article is a highly abridged version of the report. It omits the references to research reviews and research studies contained in the full account. Selected extracts are included in order to justify the conclusions and the recommendations that are made and to inform a North American audience of developments in the United Kingdom.  相似文献   

职业教育基本问题访谈录(Ⅰ)职业教育是什么   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王明达  杨金土  刘来泉  佘祖光  高奇  Josie Misko  Susan Dave  Jorn Saunder  钱景舫  James R Stone 《中国职业技术教育》2006,(14):8-14

全国教育科学“十五”规划国家一般课题《职业教育几个基本问题研究》（BJA010100）课题组就“职业教育的基本问题”对国内外职业教育界的专家、学者进行了访谈，使我们看到了对此问题的不同角度和层面的理解。这是一次思想的碰撞，有利于我们深化对职业教育基本问题的认识。本刊特将访谈记录分专题编辑处理，并从本期起连续刊发，本期论题为“职业教育是什么？”[编者按]  相似文献   

GMAG falls foul of privacy constraints     

Lewin R 《New scientist (1971)》1977,76(1082):683

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场域转变视角下互联网平台企业的制度创业研究     

场域转变视角下互联网平台企业的制度创业研究 《科学学研究》2019,37(12):2231-2240

互联网平台企业创业往往是从已有制度场域切入进而向新制度场域拓展，这一过程中，企业常常面临旧场域制度压力和新场域制度真空的两难，已有研究对此应对策略尚缺乏深入剖析。本研究以网约车平台企业从出租车业务向专快车业务的场域拓展为例，剖析其制度创业行为的内在逻辑。研究发现：（1）新旧制度场域对企业形成制度压力和制度真空，企业的制度工作目标各异，旧制度场域强调保持制度前提下的合法性获取，新制度场域强调创造制度下的合法性构建；（2）旧制度场域（出租车业务），平台企业利用已有供方用户基础，从供方切入快速做大进而吸引需方，属于保持制度下的制度创业；新制度场域（专快车业务），平台企业深入挖掘已有需方的多样化需求，满足需方以创造多元市场，进一步利用需方锁定帮助其创造新制度。（3）平台企业达到旧制度场域“冷启动”时，要从保持制度向创造制度进行转移，一旦进入新制度场域，需以“引爆点”作为发展目标，从而成为细分领域寡头。本文在场域转变视角下分析了平台企业的制度创业行为，结合平台企业特征，揭示了其内在机理，为制度理论在互联网平台情境下的应用提供了新思路。  相似文献