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Research in Higher Education - This study models reverse transfer, lateral transfer, and college withdrawal behavior for a national sample of students who began college at bachelor’s granting...  相似文献   
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Some recent studies have found a relation between the number of siblings 3–4-year-old children have and their performance on false belief tasks. 2 experiments reported here examine a variety of factors in children's social environments, including daily contact with peers and adults as well as the numbers of their siblings, on a battery of false belief tests. In Experiment 1, 82 preschoolers were studied in Rethymnon, Crete, in order to obtain a range of extended kin available as a resource for the child. In Experiment 2, 75 Cypriot preschoolers were studied in Nicosia in order to examine the influences of each child's daily social contacts, as measured by maternal questionnaire. Logistic regression revealed that the factors which account for most of the predicted variance on the theory of mind tests were ( a ) the number of adult kin available (Experiment 1) or adults interacted with daily (Experiment 2), ( b ) the child's age, ( c ) the number of older siblings a child has, and ( d ) the number of older children interacted with daily. The results suggested that theory of mind is not simply passed from one sibling to another in a process of social influence. It seems more likely that a variety of knowledgeable members of her or his culture influence the apprentice theoretician of mind.  相似文献   
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Researchers are divided over whether young children understand other people's minds. This study reexamines the main technique used to show a basic inability in 3-year-olds to make judgments about a person's thoughts when that person's knowledge happens to be false. 131 children, aged 3, 3 1/2, and 4, were shown the real, unexpected contents of a chocolate box and were required to say what a friend would think was in it and what their own previous expectations had been. Success in this task was compared between the 3 age groups and also according to the specificity of questions asked. It was found, in contrast to previous findings, that test questions that are temporally specific and syntactically straightforward enable most 3-year-olds to attribute false beliefs to others. These results suggest that 3-year-olds' access to information about others' mental states is bounded by the linguistic demands placed upon them, but long before their fourth birthday children have some understanding of others' mind.  相似文献   
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This study looks at the relationships between a number of personal and social characteristics of a random sample of 254 urban citizens from the Twin Cities and their satisfaction with a University. Most of the urban citizens had considerable university related experiences, and they believed that faculty and students are sincere and hardworking. Most were satisfied with different facets of University life, endorsed the broad principle of campus freedom of expression, but were generally opposed to the goals of students when they used more active methods of dissent. Citizens' satisfaction with the University was heavily related to their perception of campus life as it related to the ideological criteria of Work Ethic and Americanism.  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

Library patrons are adopting mobile devices for personal and other uses. The ubiquity of mobile devices will lead to changes in how and where learning and education happens. Libraries have wanted to become ubiquitous by making resources and services available anywhere, anytime. Reference librarians can use mobile devices and applications to include services in mobile learning environments. Challenges to libraries include uncertainty about which technologies to adopt in a rapidly changing technology landscape, the cost of technology adoption, staffing for 24–7, diversity of needs and preferences among library patrons, and the need to offer stable, consistent services. The combination of mobile librarians, mobile patrons, and mobile content provides an opportunity to move closer to the ideal of the ubiquitous library.

This article originally published in Journal of Library Administration, Vol. 51, Issue 3, pages 279–290, 2011. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2011.556942.  相似文献   
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Reliability coefficients of linear combinations of observed scores have anomalous properties which have led to persistent difficulties in the investigation of difference scores and gain scores in test theory. Interpretation of these test scores is further complicated by effects of correlated errors of measurement which are likely to appear in difference scores and gain scores in practice. In this paper the discrepancies between classical results and correct results obtained from more general formulas, which allow for correlated errors, are examined systematically. These discrepancies depend strongly on the reliability coefficients of the respective tests and are smallest when the influence of the variables related by the formulas is least. A vector representation of difference scores reveals that these anomalies arise from simple geometric relations among observed scores, true scores, and error scores inherent in the test-theory model. In this context, doubts as to the usefulness of difference scores and gain scores in testing practice expressed by previous authors appear to be justified.  相似文献   
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A national sample of 1662 academic and academic related university staff, who had retired 3-5 years earlier, completed a postal survey about their current employment, research, other academic activities, and the academic resources available to them, and about their attitudes to retirement, and the extent of their leisure, voluntary, and other caring activities. Over two-thirds of academics and four-fifths of academic related staff had retired early. Younger staff were more often currently employed, but the employment rate amongst academics aged 66-73 was very much greater than in the general population. The extent of research and other academic activities was related to university rank rather than age, with professors and readers more committed, and less involved in leisure activities. The most frequent reasons for early retirement were dissatisfaction with changes in the universities and financial inducements. The majority said they were more contented because of retiring, and most would not have wanted to retire later than they did, but concerns were expressed about the failure of universities to give adequate status and resources to retired academics. There was some evidence that women were discriminated against in retirement.  相似文献   
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There is more to developing effective exhibitions than following a particular process model. The Fort Worth Museum of Science and History utilizes a strategy that includes a clearly articulated framework of core purpose and values, development teams that think systemically and focus on maintaining positive relationships, along with the help of outside experts, professional literature, and visitor feedback to continually infuse the team's thinking. This strategy has led to exhibits that more clearly reflect the institution, and at the same time are deemed extraordinary learning environments by two important stakeholders: the advisors whose content and technical expertise supported the project, and by visitors.  相似文献   
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摘要:2010年温哥华冬奥会以其卓有成效的奥运遗产管理工作,成为推动奥林匹克运动可持续发展的典范。主要采用文献资料法、访谈法、实地考察法等研究方法,对温哥华冬奥会遗产的指导思想、组织体系和活动内容进行了分析与探讨。研究结果表明:温哥华冬奥会在奥林匹克运动历史上第一次提出了“创造”遗产的构想,并首次建立了专门的遗产管理机构,从而保证了奥运遗产工作有目的、有组织、有计划地运行。温哥华冬奥会还制定了分阶段进行不同侧重点遗产管理和运行的工作方案,确保了奥运遗产持续发挥作用,为奥林匹克运动和加拿大社会发展留下了宝贵财富,也为北京2022年冬奥会遗产管理和利用留下了可供借鉴的模式。  相似文献   
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