Why states should enact an Adult Recurrent Education Entitlement Voucher program     

George J. Nolfi Ph.D. 《Innovative Higher Education》1977,1(2):151-164

This paper addresses the problems of financing adult continuing and recurrent postsecondary education in America. An analysis of the public investment and policy needs and recommendations for a specific state policy and program for meeting these needs are presented. It is adapted from the state-based Adult Recurrent Education Entitlement Voucher (AREEV) plan pending as legislation in Massachusetts. The AREEV design and the data on which it was originally based in Massachusetts are generalizable to other states. The rationale is not peculiar to Massachusetts.The AREEV proposal provides public investment in recurrent education in a manner that will enable existing educational resources to be utilized most efficiently by adults currently not being adequately served. The general context and rationale for public policy and investment is presented, and a specific, implementable design for legislation to create a state-based Adult Recurrent Education Entitlement Voucher program is recommended.This proposal is designed to aid selectively the working middle class, the disadvantaged, and the socially dependent to pursue part-time recurrent education to improve their career and social condition. The program places a priority first on subsidizing those adults who have the greatest need and then on subsidizing those activities that will yield the highest social rate of return, particularly in relation to problems of unemployment, social dependency, and the national skills base.Dr. Nolfi, an independent public policy analyst, is President of University Consultants, Inc., 45 Hancock Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139. This paper is a chapter in the forthcoming bookRecurrent Education and Open Learning: Policy Analysis and Program Design at the State and National Level. The substance of the paper is drawn from several documents, and extended references for those sources are available from the author.  相似文献   

UNIVERSITY‐BASED INITIATIVES IN FAVOUR OF ECOSYSTEM REHABILITATION FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN GREAT LAKES     

George R. Francis 《Higher Education in Europe》1990,15(4):76-85

On‐going attempts by governments to implement measures intended to eliminate environmental degradation in the nearshore waters of the Great Lakes have revealed a critical need for integrative understanding that transcends disciplinary and professional specialisms. Academics from universities in the United States and Canada began, ten years ago, to meet with government officials and with people from nongovernmental organizations to find solutions to the problems in question. Groups of academics followed up these meetings with policy oriented studies using systems and transdisciplinary perspectives. Results have been readily disseminated into a wider constituency of interests because of the participation of nonacademics in the guiding of the studies. Similar collaborative approaches have been used to design role playing exercises for students in environmental studies courses at universities, using various Great Lakes situations as examples. An action learning/research mode lies at the core of environmental education at university level which also has considerable potential for addressing other global issues at universities.  相似文献   

Children's agency beliefs, cognitive performance, and conceptions of effort and ability: individual and developmental differences     

M Chapman  E A Skinner 《Child development》1989,60(5):1229-1238

In order to understand how children's beliefs and cognitive performance vary according to development in their conceptions of effort and ability, 120 fourth and sixth graders were given the following assessments: (a) a measure of agency beliefs, defined as the extent to which persons believe they have access to certain classes of potential means, including effort, ability, powerful others, and luck; (b) a battery of intelligence test scales, including figural patterns, letter series, arithmetic, and spelling; (c) an interview designed to assess developmental levels in conceptions of effort and ability. Correlations between intelligence scores and agency beliefs for effort decreased with increasing levels of reasoning about effort and ability, but correlations between intelligence scores and agency beliefs for ability increased with increasing levels of reasoning. No such trends were found in correlations between performance and agency beliefs for luck or for unknown causes. The results are discussed in terms of the interaction between individual differences and developmental change.  相似文献   

Does prior mathematics knowledge really lead to variation in elementary statistics performance? Evidence from a developing country     

George Woodward  Don Galagedera 《International Journal of Educational Development》2006,26(6):631-639

A model incorporating prerequisite mathematics performance and other variables deemed to be associated with learning elementary statistics (ES) is developed. The relationship between ES performance and the explanatory variables is well represented by the logistics form. Aptitude, effort and motivation are the only significant explanatory variables of ES performance. Since prerequisite mathematics is not significant, statistical thinking at the tertiary level may be mostly intuitive and non-mathematical. Students with low aptitude experience increasing returns to effort over the first half of the feasible effort interval, while high-aptitude students experience diminishing returns at all levels of effort. The levels of effort required to achieve a minimum pass are interpreted.  相似文献   

Toward Developing a Behavioral Counselor Education Model     

Patricia Jakubowski-Spector  Richard Dustin  Rickey L. George 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1971,10(3):242-250

Counselor education currently does not have a training model that is systematically employed and contains provisions for individual differences or promotes the development of programs for facilitating transfer of training. In the proposed model, counselor educators must decide which of the counseling student's thinking, feeling, and acting behaviors will become the focus of training efforts. The staff creatively implements its conceptualized behavioral curriculum goals through the application of learning principles to specified counseling student behaviors that are assessed to determine if whether or not the desired behavior changes are occurring.  相似文献   

Determining the level of inquiry in teachers' questions     

George T. Ladd  Hans O. Andersen 《科学教学研究杂志》1970,7(4):395-400

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if an instrument, originally designed to classify levels of teachers' questions on the basis of logical operations, could be utilized to measure the level of inquiry present in a classroom discussion and to determine if the inquiry questioning behavior of the teacher influenced student achievement. The results of the study show that the modified classification scheme could accurately and reliably measure the inquiry level of teachers' classroom questions. The data also indicated that teachers who ask a greater proportion of high inquiry questions cause a greater change in students as measured by an achievement examination.  相似文献   

Validity of self-reported reading disability by parents of reading-disabled and control children     

Sadie N. Decker  George P. Vogler  J. C. Defries 《Reading and writing》1989,1(4):327-331

Composite reading scores obtained from parents of 125 reading-disabled children and 125 matched control children who participated in the Colorado Family Reading Study were used to test the validity of self-reported reading problems. Parents who reported that they encountered serious difficulty learning to read had significantly lower reading scores than did those who reported no positive history of reading problems. Moreover, this difference was larger for parents of reading-disabled children than for those of controls. Thus, parental self-reports provide a valid index of reading problems.  相似文献   

An analysis of the effectiveness of analogy use in college‐level biochemistry textbooks     

MaryKay Orgill  George M. Bodner 《科学教学研究杂志》2006,43(10):1040-1060

Science instructors and textbook authors often use analogies to help their students use information they already understand to develop an understanding of new concepts. This study reports the results of an analysis of the use of analogies in eight biochemistry textbooks, which included textbooks written for one‐semester survey biochemistry courses for non‐majors; two‐semester courses for chemistry or biochemistry majors; and biochemistry courses for medical school students. We present an analysis of how analogies are used and presented in biochemistry textbooks, and we compare the use of analogies in biochemistry textbooks to the use of analogies in other science textbooks. We also compare the use of analogies in biochemistry textbooks with the factors known to promote spontaneous transfer of attributes and relations from analog concept to target concept. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 1040–1060, 2006  相似文献   

Health information seeking behaviour: a concept analysis     

Margaret S. Zimmerman  George Shaw 《Health information and libraries journal》2020,37(3):173-191

  相似文献   

Scaffolding learning of language structures with visual-syntactic text formatting     

Youngmin Park  Ying Xu  Penelope Collins  George Farkas  Mark Warschauer 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2019,50(4):1896-1912

The current study examines the effects of digital scaffolding on the English literacy of fourth- and sixth-grade students. A total of 1085 native English-speaking and language minority students from 25 treatment classes and 20 control classes across three school districts participated in this study for one school year. Treatment students read their English language arts and social studies text in visual-syntactic text format (VSTF) on their laptops and control students read the regular block format of the textbook either on their laptops or in print. Observations and interviews revealed that VSTF reading facilitated instruction processes and student learning in reading activities. The results of California Standard Tests (CST) before and after the treatment revealed that sixth-graders who received syntactic scaffolding outperformed control students on the composite CST score. In particular, reading in VSTF benefited the treatment students in three CST sub-categories: word analysis, written conventions and writing strategies. This study suggests that future research should investigate instructional strategies that support reading and writing development of adolescents, including at-risk students, using syntactic scaffolding.  相似文献