欧足联前主席米歇尔·普拉蒂尼上诉案的法理分析          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Garraffa 《体育科研》2018,(3):11-21

国际足联前主席约瑟夫·S.布拉特和欧足联前主席米歇尔·普拉蒂尼腐败案是2016年国际足联的重大事件之一。普拉蒂尼在受到国际足联道德委员会的处罚后,上诉到国际足联上诉委员会,而后上诉到国际体育仲裁院,最后又上诉到瑞士联邦高等法院。本文通过对普拉蒂尼上诉案,尤其是上诉到瑞士联邦高等法院案进行法理分析,并就此案深入地探讨了瑞士法律与基于瑞士法律的国际足联规则和国际体育仲裁规则的适用情况,进一步透视了瑞士法律对于此案件的处理机制,并指出该案判决仍然可能存在罪罚相称性的问题。  相似文献   

打击操纵比赛何时能挑战那些法律所保护的利益——对“卡帕蒂案”的评述          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Garraff  王燕 《体育科研》2015,(4):11-15

操纵比赛对于体育竞赛来说具有非常恶劣的影响,因此,打击操纵比赛成为体育界的重要任务。然而,在具体的案件中,打击操纵比赛可能涉及到触犯法律所保护的利益。“卡帕蒂案”显示,在与腐败行为与操纵比赛作斗争的公共利益敏感的仲裁案件中,仲裁员更倾向于支持“公平比赛”,而不是获得证据过程中的“违规行为”。  相似文献   

Using & Re-using Archive Information for Multimedia Applications: The Virtual Museum of Italian Computer Science History     

Franca Garzotto  Paolo Paolini  Pasquale Savino 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1999,13(2):95-111

The quality of content is a key attribute for assessing the globalquality of a museum application. Unfortunately, producing good content,especially in multimedia digital form, is expensive and time-consuming.One way to reduce the costs without sacrificing quality is to exploitthe concept of information reuse. The idea is to use (portions of) thesame multimedia material in different applications, possibly adapting itfor different contexts, for different categories of users, and fordifferent delivery channels (e.g., on-line and off-line). Informationreuse does not come free. To be effective, it requires a well-organizedenvironment in which information can be easily stored, inspected,retrieved, and adapted for different purposes. This paper describes theapproach adopted in the project ``The Virtual Museum of Italian ComputerScience History', funded by the Italian National Council of Research(CNR). In this project, all the digital material (documents, images,video interviews, etc.) is stored in a digital archive based on amultimedia database with a WWW front-end. The archive is designed forspecialists only: members of the editorial board of the project;researchers in the history of science; application developers (whoare looking for interesting content to include in their CD-ROMs or Websites). Each research group involved in the project extracted andadapted from the digital archive the multimedia material needed to builda different hypermedia application in two ``versions' – WWW andCD-ROM. These applications, both on-line and off-line, strongly reuse(portions of) the digital archive content, but organize and present itwith a totally different style, to address the needs of non-specialists(e.g., people who have some interest, or curiosity, in the history ofItalian computer science).  相似文献   

A novel Cervical Spine Protection device for reducing neck injuries in contact sports: design concepts and preliminary in vivo testing*     

Paolo Caravaggi  Alberto Leardini  Claudio Belvedere 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):382-394

Abstract

Head and neck injuries are common in contact sports such as American football. Different mechanisms can produce such injuries, including compressive impact forces on the crown of the helmet with the neck in a flexed chin-down position. The aim of this paper was developing and testing a novel Cervical Spine Protection Device (CSPD) designed to keep the neck within its safe physiological range. The cervical spine range of motion (ROM) of ten participants was measured under four conditions: free; wearing a football gear; wearing the CSPD; and wearing the CSPD underneath the gear. The CSPD was tested in terms of passive and active restraint of head motion, and for its capability to improve endurance time of the neck extensor muscles. Wearing the CSPD resulted in a significant 40–60% reduction in ROM across the three anatomical planes, and in increased endurance of the neck extensor muscles (FREE: 114 ± 57 s; CSPD: 214 ± 95 s; p = 0.004). In quasi-static loading conditions the CSPD was capable of keeping the neck within its physiological range, thus it may be used to decrease the risk of severe injuries due to dangerous chin-down positions.  相似文献   

Control of PDE-ODE cascades with Neumann interconnections   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gian Antonio Susto  Miroslav Krstic 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2010,347(1):284-314

We extend several recent results on full-state feedback stabilization and state estimation of PDE-ODE cascades, where the PDEs are either of heat type or of wave type, from the previously considered cases where the interconnections are of Dirichlet type, to interconnections of Neumann type. The Neumann type interconnections constrain the PDE state to be subject to a Dirichlet boundary condition at the PDE-ODE interface, and employ the boundary value of the first spatial derivative of the PDE state to be the input to the ODE. In addition to considering heat-ODE and wave-ODE cascades, we also consider a cascade of a diffusion-convection PDE with an ODE, where the convection direction is “away” from the ODE. We refer to this case as a PDE-ODE cascade with “counter-convection.” This case is not only interesting because the PDE subsystem is unstable, but because the control signal is subject to competing effects of diffusion, which is in both directions in the one-dimensional domain, and counter-convection, which is in the direction that is opposite from the propagation direction of the standard delay (transport PDE) process. We rely on the diffusion process to propagate the control signal through the PDE towards the ODE, to stabilize the ODE.  相似文献   

Effects of strength,explosive and plyometric training on energy cost of running in ultra-endurance athletes     

Nicola Giovanelli  Paolo Taboga  Enrico Rejc  Stefano Lazzer 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(7):805-813

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week home-based strength, explosive and plyometric (SEP) training on the cost of running (Cr) in well-trained ultra-marathoners and to assess the main mechanical parameters affecting changes in Cr. Twenty-five male runners (38.2?±?7.1 years; body mass index: 23.0?±?1.1?kg·m^?2; V˙O₂max: 55.4?±?4.0 mlO₂·kg^?1·min^?1) were divided into an exercise (EG?=?13) and control group (CG?=?12). Before and after a 12-week SEP training, Cr, spring-mass model parameters at four speeds (8, 10, 12, 14?km·h^?1) were calculated and maximal muscle power (MMP) of the lower limbs was measured. In EG, Cr decreased significantly (p?<?.05) at all tested running speeds (?6.4?±?6.5% at 8?km·h^?1; ?3.5?±?5.3% at 10?km·h^?1; ?4.0?±?5.5% at 12?km·h^?1; ?3.2?±?4.5% at 14?km·h^?1), contact time (t_c) increased at 8, 10 and 12?km·h^?1 by mean +4.4?±?0.1% and t_a decreased by ?25.6?±?0.1% at 8?km·h^?1 (p?<?.05). Further, inverse relationships between changes in Cr and MMP at 10 (p?=?.013; r?=??0.67) and 12?km·h^?1 (p?<?.001; r?=??0.86) were shown. Conversely, no differences were detected in the CG in any of the studied parameters. Thus, 12-week SEP training programme lower the Cr in well-trained ultra-marathoners at submaximal speeds. Increased t_c and an inverse relationship between changes in Cr and changes in MMP could be in part explain the decreased Cr. Thus, adding at least three sessions per week of SEP exercises in the normal endurance-training programme may decrease the Cr.  相似文献   

Seismic vulnerability of natural stone pinnacles on the Amalfi Coast in Italy     

Gian Piero Lignola  Emidio Nigro  Edoardo Cosenza 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(1):68-80

In the southern part of Italy, along the National Road 163 (the Amalfi Coastal road), and particularly close to Positano, some stone formations are present with a cylindrical shape (pinnacles) due to the erosion of the rock and the presence of sub-vertical cracking planes in the rocky slope. The landscape beauty and the dangerousness of these pinnacles, more than 10 m in height, leaning on the underlying road, requested a vulnerability study. The dynamic behavior of these natural solids is influenced by the notable mechanical inhomogeneity due to the nature of the rock, to the presence of diffused crack patterns and to the position along the slope. Some inspections have been performed to have a detailed survey of the pinnacles, using the Laser Scanner 3D technique and with the collaboration of geologist-mountain climbers; some rock specimens have also been taken to be analyzed and tested. The specific weight, the tensile (for bending) strength and the compressive strength, as well as the Young Modulus, considering various directions with respect to cracking planes, were analyzed during laboratory tests on the specimens sampled on site. Different structural modeling to analyze the seismic vulnerability of the pinnacles have been performed and compared: starting from simplified mechanical models of rigid blocks, passing through elastic analyses and finally to finite element (FEM) analyses. Numerical dynamic and static analyses, particularly, the modal dynamic analyses for the elastic continuum and the non-linear static analyses, considering both cracking and plasticity behavior of the rock have been performed. The analyses concerned the pinnacles both under the actual in-situ conditions and according to some strengthening interventions to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the design.  相似文献   

The social-cognitive mechanisms regulating adolescents' use of doping substances     

Lucidi F  Zelli A  Mallia L  Grano C  Russo PM  Violani C 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(5):447-456

In this study, we assessed the longitudinal effects of social-cognitive mechanisms on the self-reported use of doping substances and supplements among Italian high school students. In total, 1232 students completed questionnaires measuring various psychological factors hypothesized to influence students' intention to use substances. Three months later, 762 of the students completed the same questionnaires a second time and also reported their use of substances during the time between assessments. Overall, the percentages of students using doping substances (2.1%) or supplements (14.4%) were consistent with values reported in the literature. Analysis of the data showed that adolescents' intention to use doping substances increased with stronger attitudes about doping, stronger beliefs that significant others would approve of their use, a stronger conviction that doping use can be justified, and a lowered capacity to resist situational pressure or personal desires. In turn, stronger intentions and moral disengagement contributed to a greater use of doping substances during the previous 3 months. Doping use was also correlated significantly to supplementation. In conclusion, our results provide novel information about some of the psychological processes possibly regulating adolescents' use of doping substances and supplements. The results also highlight possible areas for future study and intervention, focusing on the prevention of adolescents' substance use.  相似文献   

Transgression: Some psychological aspects of social rules in preschool children     

Maria Silvia Barbieri  Paolo Legrenzi 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1988,3(3):327-340

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A Multisystem Psycho-Biological Approach to the Understanding of Parental Dispositions     

Vincenzo Paolo Senese  Atiqah Azhari  Ilaria Cataldo 《Parenting, science and practice》2019,19(1-2):164-167

SYNOPSIS

Does work-family conflict influence parental behaviors and parenting-related emotional states? Through an experimental research approach, River and colleagues showed that work-family conflict influences both emotions and parental behaviors, but the effect is moderated by the quality of the intimate relationship. In this commentary, we offer an interpretation of the results congruent with the recent theoretical approaches that stress the need for a multisystem psycho-biological approach to studying the factors that regulate parenting behaviors. In this perspective, we provide complementary explanations of the observed results and suggest possible future directions for research on these topics.  相似文献