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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sequence of strength training before endurance training (ST/ET) is more or less effective than endurance training followed by strength training (ET/ST). Twenty‐three females and 11 males were assigned to one of three groups: ST/ET (n= 15), ET/ST (n= 15) or control (n = 4). The 7‐week training programme consisted of strength training using 10 exercises for two sets of 3–12 repetitions and running for 20–25 min at 60–90% of heart rate reserve. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was measured during a graded treadmill test, and muscular strength was assessed using one‐repetition maximum tests for the bench press (BP), shoulder press (SP), arm curl (AC) and leg press (LP). The VO2 max significantly (P < 0.05) increased 6.7 and 6.2% for the ST/ET and ET/ST groups, respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between the two experimental groups. Muscular strength significantly (P <0.05) improved by 15.2% (BP), 16.6% (SP), 17.2% (AC) and 11.9% (LP) for the ST/ET group and 19.9% (BP), 24.1% (SP), 20.9% (AC) and 14.0% (LP) for the ET/ST group. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences between the two experimental groups for the BP, AC and LP; however, the ET/ST group increased (P < 0.05) SP strength more than the ST/ET group. In conclusion, adaptations to a combination of short‐term endurance and strength training as assessed by VO2 max and BP, AC and LP strength appear to be independent of whether endurance training occurs prior to or following strength training. 相似文献
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Opinion holder identification research is important for discriminating between opinions that are viewed from different perspectives. We propose a new opinion holder identification method that is based on a differentiation between the author and authority viewpoints in opinionated sentences. In our method, the author- and authority-opinionated sentences were extracted, respectively, by utilizing the different features because their writing styles were different. Although the researchers have not focused on it, this differentiation is important for correctly identifying opinion holders. We describe our participation in the NTCIR-6 Opinion Analysis Pilot Task by focusing on the opinion holder identification results in Japanese and English. The evaluation results showed that our system performed fairly well with respect to Japanese documents, and postsubmission analysis has revealed that improvements could be made with respect to English documents as well. 相似文献
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唐圭璋先生早年致中田勇次郎先生的两封信，反映了唐先生编纂《全宋词》用力之勤、网罗之广、校勘之精谨以及中田先生的真诚合作，是近代日中学术交流的珍贵资料。 相似文献
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In fixed order quantity systems,uncertainty in lead time is expressed as a set of scenarios with occurrence probabilities,and the mean and variance in demand distribution are supposed to be changeable according to a known pattern.A new concept of ＂dynamic robust optimal reorder point＂ is proposed in this paper and its value is calculated as a ＂robust optimal reorder point function with respect to reorder time＂.Two approaches were employed in determining the dynamic optimal reorder point.The first is a shortage rate satisfaction approach and the second is a backorder cost minimization approach.The former aims at finding the minimum value of reorder point at each reorder time which satisfies the condition that the cumulative distribution function （CDF） of shortage rate under a given set of scenarios in lead time is greater than or equal to a basic CDF of shortage rate predetermined by a decision-maker.In the latter approach,the CDF of closeness of reorder point is defined at each reorder time to express how close to the optimal reorder points under the set of scenarios,and the dynamic optimal reorder point is defined according to stochastic ordering.Some numerical examples demonstrate the features of these dynamic robust optimal reorder points. 相似文献
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Masaki Katsuura 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2012,36(1):49-65
This paper empirically examines how household cultural expenditures correspond to business cycles in Japan. Since income level
is among the most important determinants of cultural demand, and income fluctuates with business cycles, examining the relationship
between cultural expenditures and business cycles is useful, particularly in discussing income elasticity of cultural demand.
The data used are monthly household expenditures for movies, live performances, and cultural establishments in the Family
Income and Expenditure Survey. Turning points for cultural expenditures and related indicators are determined by estimating
the regime-switching model. The lead–lag relationship between these series and the reference dates of Japanese business cycles
are analyzed. The result indicates that cultural expenditures fluctuate cyclically with unstable leads and lags corresponding
to business cycles. In addition, cultural expenditures adhere to smaller specific cycles within officially designated expansions,
which imply that income elasticity has not been constant during past business cycles. 相似文献
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Masaki Eto 《Information processing & management》2019,56(6):102046
This study proposes a novel extended co-citation search technique, which is graph-based document retrieval on a co-citation network containing citation context information. The proposed search expands the scope of the target documents by repetitively spreading the relationship of co-citation in order to obtain relevant documents that are not identified by traditional co-citation searches. Specifically, this search technique is a combination of (a) applying a graph-based algorithm to compute the similarity score on a complicated network, and (b) incorporating co-citation contexts into the process of calculating similarity scores to reduce the negative effects of an increasing number of irrelevant documents. To evaluate the search performance of the proposed search, 10 proposed methods (five representative graph-based algorithms applied to co-citation networks weighted with/without contexts) are compared with two kinds of baselines (a traditional co-citation search with/without contexts) in information retrieval experiments based on two test collections (biomedicine and computer linguistic articles). The experiment results showed that the scores of the normalized discounted cumulative gain ([email protected]) of the proposed methods using co-citation contexts tended to be higher than those of the baselines. In addition, the combination of the random walk with restart (RWR) algorithm and the network weighted with contexts achieved the best search performance among the 10 proposed methods. Thus, it is clarified that the combination of graph-based algorithms and co-citation contexts are effective in improving the performance of co-citation search techniques, and that sole use of a graph-based algorithm is not enough to enhance search performances from the baselines. 相似文献
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Masayuki Konishi Masaki Takahashi Naoya Endo Shigeharu Numao Shun Takagi Masashi Miyashita 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):248-255
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on autonomic and endocrine functions during the day and on exercise tolerance in the evening. Ten healthy young males completed two, 2-day control and sleep deprivation trials. For the control trial, participants were allowed normal sleep from 23:00 to 07:00 h. For the sleep deprivation trial, participants did not sleep for 34 h. Autonomic activity was measured from 19:00 h on day 1 to 16:00 h on day 2 by frequency-domain measures of heart rate variability. Endocrine function was examined by measuring adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol from venous blood samples collected on day 2 at 09:00, 13:00, and 17:00 h and immediately after an exercise tolerance testing. Autonomic regulation, particularly parasympathetic regulation estimated from the high-frequency component of heart rate variability analysis, was significantly higher in the sleep deprivation trial than in the control trial in the morning and afternoon of day 2. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were significantly higher at 09:00 and 13:00 h of day 2 under sleep deprivation. Heart rate during exercise was significantly lower following sleep deprivation. Therefore, the effects of sleep deprivation on autonomic regulation depend on the time of the day. 相似文献
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Shinichi Demura Shunsuke Yamaji Masakatsu Nakada Tamotsu Kitabashi Masaki Minami 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):541-548
Accurate measurement of head volume is indispensable for precise assessments of body composition determined by hydrostatic weighing without head submersion. The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction equation for head volume measured by the immersion method from multiple regression analysis using head parameters (head circumference, head length, head breadth, neck girth and head thickness) as independent variables. The participants were 106 Japanese young adults (55 males and 51 females) aged 17?–?27 years. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each head parameter and head volume in males and females were very high (ICC = 0.993?–?0.999, 0.992?–?0.998). Head circumference was closely related to head volume measured by the immersion method (r = 0.719, 0.861, P <?0.05), and was the most important parameter for the prediction equation in both sexes. Head breadth was related poorly (r = 0.475, 0.500, P <?0.05) and showed a small individual difference. It was, therefore, excluded from the independent variables. The prediction equation for males was predicted head volume = 122.10X 1 + 106.19X 3 + 37.16X 4 - 89.46X 5 - 4754.93, R = 0.909, SEE = 121.75?ml, and that for females was predicted head volume = 213.83X 1 + 45.24X 3 + 36.85X 4 - 74.34X 5 - 8912.43, R = 0.913, SEE = 136.26?ml (where X 1 = head circumference, X 3 = head length, X 4 = neck girth, X 5 = head thickness, and SEE = standard error of the estimate). The limits of agreement for predicted and measured head volume were –?234.5 to 234.1?ml for males, and ??261.0 to 261.0?ml for females. In cross-validation groups of both sexes, there were no significant differences between measured head volume and predicted head volume. The correlation coefficients between measured head volume and predicted head volume in males and females were 0.894 and 0.908, respectively. The predicted head volume from prediction equations was considered to have high reliability and validity. 相似文献