University research funding and publication performance—An international comparison     

Otto Auranen  Mika Nieminen 《Research Policy》2010,39(6):822-834

In current science policies, competition and output incentives are emphasized as a means of making university systems efficient and productive. By comparing eight countries, this article analyzes how funding environments of university research vary across countries and whether more competitive funding systems are more efficient in producing scientific publications. The article shows that there are significant differences in the competitiveness of funding systems, but no straightforward connection between financial incentives and the efficiency of university systems exists. Our results provoke questions about whether financial incentives boost publication productivity, and whether policy-makers should place greater emphasis on other factors relevant to high productivity.  相似文献   

An Innovative Course Featuring Action Research Integrated with Unifying Science Themes     

Charlotte A. Otto  Gail R. Luera  Susan A. Everett 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2009,20(6):537-552

In this article, we describe an innovative capstone course for preservice K-8 teachers integrating action research and a unifying theme in science (AAAS in Science for all Americans. Oxford University Press, New York, 1989; NRC in National science education standards. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996). The goals of the capstone course are to increase student knowledge of the unifying theme, improve written communication skills, and introduce students to educational research. We provide evidence that each of these goals is met. Student growth in theme knowledge is demonstrated through concept maps, questionnaires, and previously reported assessments. Improved writing ability is demonstrated using the spelling and grammar checking feature of Microsoft Word. The analysis of action research reports demonstrates that students are able to connect their action research project results to previous research.  相似文献   

The Metabolic Cost of Two Ranges of Arm Position Height with and without Hand Weights during Low Impact Aerobic Dance     

Maureen W. Carroll  Robert M. Otto  John Wygand 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):420-423

Abstract

To determine the energy cost of low impact aerobic dance while varying arm movement height and the use of hand weights, 10 adults volunteered to participate in four choreographed trials. All trials consisted of identical leg movements. Arm movements, however, were performed above shoulder level both with and without 0.9-kg hand weights and below shoulder level both with and without 0.9-kg hand weights. Open circuit spirometry was employed throughout the 10-min videotape guided trials, and heart rate was measured by telemetry. Neither the use of hand weights nor the change in arm position height significantly altered the energy cost of low impact aerobic dance. However, heart rate responses were significantly different. Caution should be observed by aerobics instructors and participants as to the use of heart rate as an indicator of intensity for low impact aerobic dance.  相似文献   

Ball launch conditions for skilled golfers using drivers of different lengths in an indoor testing facility     

E. S. Wallace  S. R. Otto  A. Nevill 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):731-737

Abstract

The displacement of the golf ball struck by a driving club is affected by several player characteristics and equipment parameters and their interrelationships. Some modelling and simulation studies have shown a relationship between shaft length and clubhead speed, supported by a few experimental studies. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between driver length and ball launch conditions in an indoor test facility using a ball launch monitor. Nine males considered to be skilled golfers participated in the study. Four driving clubs of total length 117, 119, 124, and 132 cm were assembled from commercially available components and were used to strike golf shots while initial ball velocity, backspin rate, and launch angles were measured. Statistical analysis identified a significant difference in initial launch speed due to club length, a significant difference between participants, but no difference between the trials for a given golfer. A positive trend was noted between backspin and launch angle for all four clubs, and significant inverse associations between initial launch speed and backspin rate and launch angle. However, the combined launch conditions associated with increasing length were not considered optimal, with uncontrolled swingweight and moment of inertia effects considered to be limiting factors.  相似文献   

Determination of the swing technique characteristics and performance outcome relationship in golf driving for low handicap female golfers     

Susan J. Brown  Alan M. Nevill  Stuart A. Monk  Steve R. Otto  W. Scott Selbie  Eric S. Wallace 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1483-1491

Abstract

Previous studies on the kinematics of the golf swing have mainly focused on group analysis of male golfers of a wide ability range. In the present study, we investigated gross body kinematics using a novel method of analysis for golf research for a group of low handicap female golfers to provide an understanding of their swing mechanics in relation to performance. Data were collected for the drive swings of 16 golfers using a 12-camera three-dimensional motion capture system and a stereoscopic launch monitor. Analysis of covariance identified three covariates (increased pelvis–thorax differential at the top of the backswing, increased pelvis translation during the backswing, and a decrease in absolute backswing time) as determinants of the variance in clubhead speed (adjusted r ² = 0.965, P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between left-hand grip strength and clubhead speed (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) and between handicap and clubhead speed (r = ?0.612, P < 0.05). Flexibility measures showed some correlation with clubhead speed; both sitting flexibility tests gave positive correlations (clockwise: r = 0.522, P < 0.05; counterclockwise: r = 0.711, P < 0.01). The results suggest that there is no common driver swing technique for optimal performance in low handicap female golfers, and therefore consideration should be given to individual swing characteristics in future studies.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Langeveld  M. J.  Idenburg  Ph. J.  Quattrocchi  Luigi  Völcker  Otto  de Bousingen  R. Durand  Gillett  C. R. E.  Trébous  Madeleine  Bohnsack  Fritz  Kirchhoff  Hans  Lauwerys  J. A. L. 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1956,2(3):345-359

International Review of Education -  相似文献   

Ladenthin/Rekus, Die Ganztagsschule     

Thomas Coelen  Hans-Uwe Otto 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2006,9(1):141-142

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全球气候变化问题的视点:中国和美国     

杜放  Hongli Hennessey  Daniel Otto  牟彤华 《深圳职业技术学院学报》2012,(6):30-36

就中国在国际气候变化协议中的位置、中国怎样减少CO2排放、有关碳交易的制度建设、中国在国际碳交易市场中扮演的角色和气候变化协定中的重要性进行了探讨,介绍了美国正在运行的气候法案的主要内容,并提出了中国目前的气候政策和碳交易市场发展中存在的问题,在国际气候大环境中和美国进行了分析对比。  相似文献   

Informal Learning Through Science Media Usage     

Michaela Maier  Tobias Rothmund  Andrea Retzbach  Lukas Otto  John C. Besley 《教育心理学家》2014,49(2):86-103

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1. CBQ Review Essay: Global Telecommunication Company History     

James Playsted Wood  Otto Friedrich 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(1):7-21

James Playsted Wood's The Curtis Magazines (New York: Ronald Press, 1971—price not known)

Magazines in the United States which has just been re-released in a revised (3rd) edition (New York: Ronald Press, 1971—price not known)

Otto Friedrich's Decline and Fall (New York, Harper &; Row/Ballentine, 1970—$10.00/1.25)  相似文献