Genetic influences in different aspects of language development: the etiology of language skills in 4.5-year-old twins     

Kovas Y  Hayiou-Thomas ME  Oliver B  Dale PS  Bishop DV  Plomin R 《Child development》2005,76(3):632-651

The genetic and environmental etiologies of diverse aspects of language ability and disability, including articulation, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and verbal memory, were investigated in a U.K. sample of 787 pairs of 4.5-year-old same-sex and opposite-sex twins. Moderate genetic influence was found for all aspects of language in the normal range. A similar pattern was found at the low end of the distribution with the exception of two receptive measures. Environmental influence was mainly due to nonshared factors, unique to the individual, with little influence from shared environment for most measures. Genetic and environmental influences on language ability and disability are quantitatively and qualitatively similar for males and females.  相似文献   

Access to postsecondary education through sign language interpreting   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marschark M  Sapere P  Convertino C  Seewagen R 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2005,10(1):38-50

Despite the importance of sign language interpreting for many deaf students, there is surprisingly little research concerning its effectiveness in the classroom. The limited research in this area is reviewed, and a new study is presented that included 23 interpreters, 105 deaf students, and 22 hearing students. Students saw two interpreted university-level lectures, each preceded by a test of prior content knowledge and followed by a post-lecture assessment of learning. A variety of demographic and qualitative data also were collected. Variables of primary interest included the effects of a match or mismatch between student interpreting preferences (interpreting vs. transliteration) and the actual mode of interpreting, student-interpreter familiarity, and interpreter experience. Results clarify previous contradictory findings concerning the importance of student interpreting preferences and extend earlier studies indicating that deaf students acquire less than hearing peers from interpreted college-level lectures. Issues relating to access and success in integrated academic settings are discussed as they relate to relations among student characteristics, interpreter characteristics, and educational settings.  相似文献   

Shock therapy returns     

Twombly R 《New scientist (1971)》1994,141(1915):21-23

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ADHD: a psychological response to an evolving concept. (Report of a Working Party of the British Psychological Society)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reason R;Working Party of the British Psychological Society 《Journal of learning disabilities》1999,32(1):85-91

The British Psychological Society is the only national organization of psychologists within the United Kingdom representing all aspects of psychology and all subspecialisms within psychology. It is both a learned scientific society and a professional association. To address the concept of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the Professional Affairs Board of the Society convened a Working Party, consisting of individuals nominated by subsystems of the Society because of their recognized professional and academic expertise. They covered a range of specialisms, including educational, clinical, criminological, neurological, and cognitive psychology. A report by the Working Party was published in September 1996. It had two main aims: first, to outline the research that was relevant to current understanding of the notion of ADHD from an historical, psychological, and biological perspective, and, second, to consider implications for practice in the light of the information obtained. The focus was predominantly on children, although it was recognized that problems could persist into adulthood. The intention was to write a report for professionals that also would be accessible to a wider audience. This article is a highly abridged version of the report. It omits the references to research reviews and research studies contained in the full account. Selected extracts are included in order to justify the conclusions and the recommendations that are made and to inform a North American audience of developments in the United Kingdom.  相似文献   

职业教育基本问题访谈录(Ⅰ)职业教育是什么   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王明达  杨金土  刘来泉  佘祖光  高奇  Josie Misko  Susan Dave  Jorn Saunder  钱景舫  James R Stone 《中国职业技术教育》2006,(14):8-14

全国教育科学“十五”规划国家一般课题《职业教育几个基本问题研究》（BJA010100）课题组就“职业教育的基本问题”对国内外职业教育界的专家、学者进行了访谈，使我们看到了对此问题的不同角度和层面的理解。这是一次思想的碰撞，有利于我们深化对职业教育基本问题的认识。本刊特将访谈记录分专题编辑处理，并从本期起连续刊发，本期论题为“职业教育是什么？”[编者按]  相似文献   

GMAG falls foul of privacy constraints     

Lewin R 《New scientist (1971)》1977,76(1082):683

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Use of laptop computers in an academic medical library     

Atlas MC  Garza F  Hinshaw R 《Medical reference services quarterly》2007,26(2):27-36

Who borrows laptop computers in an academic health sciences library? Why do they choose to check out laptops? In a survey, laptop computer users responded that the laptops were used most frequently to do class-related work. Laptops were most often checked out because they could be taken to a quiet area of the library or to where the user had more room to work. The majority of such borrowers were satisfied or very satisfied with the laptops and the service from the library. The majority of those completing the survey were medical school students and graduate students. The circulation of laptop computers at this academic health sciences library is a very successful and popular program.  相似文献   

The information requirements and information-seeking behaviours of health and social care professionals providing care to children with health care needs: a pilot study     

Jackson R  Baird W  Davis-Reynolds L  Smith C  Blackburn S  Allsebrook J 《Health information and libraries journal》2007,24(2):95-102

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this work were to identify the sources of information currently received, information-seeking behaviours, information requirements and preferences for future information provision amongst health and social care professionals providing care to children with health care needs. METHODS: Data were collected using a cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey. RESULTS: A wide range of information resources was reported as being available to professionals. However, a large proportion of respondents found it necessary to perform additional searches for information, suggesting that current resources were not satisfying their needs. The majority of professionals reported a preference for electronic formats, whilst a smaller proportion preferred hard copy materials. Participants promoted the use of informal networks as a means of support and exchange of information. CONCLUSION: Supplementing the information that is provided in electronic and hard copy formats, by enhancing informal networks, may be the most effective way of meeting the information needs of this group of professionals.  相似文献   

Advocating for normal birth with normal clothes     

Waller-Wise R 《The Journal of perinatal education》2007,16(1):24-28

Childbirth educators need to be aware that the clothes they wear when teaching classes send a nonverbal message to class participants. Regardless of who wears the clothing or what is worn, clothes send a message; thus, both the advantages and disadvantages related to clothing choice should be considered. Ultimately, the message should reflect the values of supporting normal birth. For childbirth educators who are allowed to choose their own apparel to wear in their classes, street clothes may be the benchmark for which to strive. This article discusses the many nonverbal messages that clothes convey and provides support for the choice of street clothes as the dress for the professional childbirth educator; thus, "normal clothes to promote normal birth."  相似文献   

Identifying future scientists: predicting persistence into research training     

McGee R  Keller JL 《CBE life sciences education》2007,6(4):316-331

This study used semistructured interviews and grounded theory to look for characteristics among college undergraduates that predicted persistence into Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. training. Participants in the summer undergraduate and postbaccalaureate research programs at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine were interviewed at the start, near the end, and 8–12 months after their research experience. Of more than 200 themes considered, five characteristics predicted those students who went on to Ph.D. and M.D./Ph.D. training or to M.D. training intending to do research: 1) Curiosity to discover the unknown, 2) Enjoyment of problem solving, 3) A high level of independence, 4) The desire to help others indirectly through research, and 5) A flexible, minimally structured approach to the future. Web-based surveys with different students confirmed the high frequency of curiosity and/or problem solving as the primary reason students planned research careers. No evidence was found for differences among men, women, and minority and nonminority students. Although these results seem logical compared with successful scientists, their constancy, predictive capabilities, and sharp contrast to students who chose clinical medicine were striking. These results provide important insights into selection and motivation of potential biomedical scientists and the early experiences that will motivate them toward research careers.  相似文献