Thyroid Disorders in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus     

Vibha Uppal  Chittranjan Vij  Gurdeep Kaur Bedi  Anil Vij  Basu Dev Banerjee 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(4):336-341

The study was planned to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in type 2 diabetes in North Indian population and to correlate the serum insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin levels with thyroid hormones. It is a case control study. One hundred and twenty patients of type 2 diabetes were included in the study along with 117 adults of the same age group and normal glucose levels as controls. All blood samples were taken from subjects who fasted for at least 12 h before the blood collection. Glycosylated hemoglobin was determined by ion exchange chromatography and serum insulin and thyroid hormones were assessed through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in diabetics showing a poor glucose control. Serum tri-iodothyronine values were significantly lower in diabetics. There was a significant correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and thyroid hormones. There was no correlation between serum insulin and thyroid hormones.  相似文献   

Oxidative Stress and Its Relationship With Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Various Stages of Breast Cancer     

Mridula Mahajan  Nitika Tiwari  Ritu Sharma  Sukhraj Kaur  Neetirajan Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(1):51-54

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause damage to the DNA producing mutations and formation of tumours such as carcinoma of breast. Tumour cells are known to produce ROS at a greater pace than the non-transformed cells. The increased production of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative stress leading to cell proliferation and hence increased inflammatory conditions. The present study was aimed to investigate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Females suffering from breast cancer had significantly decreased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in comparison to normal females. The compromised antioxidant defence system produces the oxidative stress which in turn creates the inflammatory response shown by concomitant increased adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in female patients. ADA diminishes the protective molecule adenosine. There were significant variations (p < 0.01) in ADA activity with different clinical stages (stage 1–4) of breast cancer suggesting thereby that estimation of ADA activity can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect the stage of cancer along with cytological studies. Mastectomy was performed and post-operatively serum SOD and ADA activity and plasma GSH levels were estimated. There was a statistically significant increase in activity of SOD and levels of GSH while serum ADA activity decreased significantly, suggesting thereby that oxidative stress is responsible for increased cell proliferation and hence the inflammatory conditions in CA breast that got ameliorated post-operatively.  相似文献   

Equity and social justice in teaching and teacher education     

Baljit Kaur 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2012

This essay presents a review on the theme of equity and social justice in teaching and teacher education based on articles published in TATE since its inception. It is a part of an initiative started by the current editors of TATE to “encourage us all to look backward to deepen our understandings of how earlier research has shaped our current research and the ways we can see the reverberations across the temporal span” (Clandinin & Hamilton, 2011, P. 2).  相似文献   

Does Friedewald Formula Underestimate the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease?     

Ekta Bansal  Navpreet Kaur 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(4):496-500

Traditionally Friedewald formula has been used to calculate low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration though now direct homogenous methods for its measurement are also available. Clinical guidelines recommend the use of calculated LDL-C to guide therapy because the evidence base for cholesterol management is derived almost exclusively from trials that use calculated LDL, with direct measurement of LDL-C being reserved for those patients who are non fasting or with significant hypertriglyceridemia. In this study our aim was to compare calculated and direct LDL and their variation at different cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Fasting lipid profile estimation was done on 503 outpatients in a tertiary hospital. Both direct and calculated LDL were then compared. Mean fasting direct LDL was found to be higher than calculated LDL in 87.1 % of subjects by 8.64 ± 8.35 mg/dl. This difference was seen a all levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. Using 130 mg/dl LDL cholesterol as cut off fewer subjects were classified as high risk by calculated LDL than direct LDL. In conclusion, direct LDL is higher than calculated LDL. Compared with direct measurement, the Friedewald calculation underestimates the risk for ischemic heart disease.  相似文献   

Mastery goal,value and self-concept: what do they predict?     

Alexander S. Yeung  Rhonda G. Craven  Gurvinder Kaur 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):469-482

Background:?Students’ motivation is known to influence academic outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research showing the relative influences of motivational factors on short-term and long-term outcomes.

Purpose:?The study investigates the relative influences of motivational factors – mastery goal orientation, value of schooling, and academic self-concepts (perceived competence in and affect to schoolwork) on four outcomes – rule acceptance, identity, general self-efficacy and achievement.

Sample:?Students in grades 3 to 6 from six primary schools in the Sydney were surveyed (N = 979). The ages of the participants varied from 8 to 13 years (mean = 9.78).

Design and methods:?Students completed a questionnaire and literacy and numeracy achievement tests. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the paths from four predictors to four outcomes.

Results:?Whereas all four predictors were positively associated with all four outcomes, students’ mastery goal had stronger positive influences on self-efficacy and identity. Value, perceived competence and affect were found to influence outcomes in different ways – positive influences were found for value on achievement, rule-acceptance, and identity; for perceived competence on achievement and efficacy; and for affect on rule-acceptance and identity.

Conclusion:?Mastery goal had stronger influences on long-term outcomes while other predictors are stronger for short-term outcomes. To facilitate short-term and long-term outcomes, all four motivational factors need attention.  相似文献   

FACTORS PREDICTING SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT OF IMMIGRANT AND NON-IMMIGRANT STUDENTS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS     

Shaljan Areepattamannil  Berinderjeet Kaur 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2013,11(5):1183-1207

This study, employing hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), sought to investigate the student-level and school-level factors associated with the science achievement of immigrant and non-immigrant students among a national sample of 22,646 students from 896 schools in Canada. While student background characteristics such as home language, family wealth, and socioeconomic status were significant predictors of science achievement for non-immigrant students, these factors were not significantly associated with immigrant student science achievement. Student attitudes, engagement, and motivation in science and information and communication technology familiarity were significant predictors of science achievement for both immigrant and non-immigrant students. Whereas teacher shortage was associated with science achievement for immigrant students, school size was associated with science achievement for non-immigrant students. Implications of the findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Project motivation: a mental health programme for primary school children     

Rajalakshmi Muralidharan  Paramjeet Kaur 《International Journal of Early Years Education》1995,3(2):19-28

One of India's main problems in achieving universalisation of primary education is the inability of the schools to hold the children for a required minimum period of five years. Much of the drop‐out, nearly 30–35%, occurs in classes I and II almost immediately after children are enrolled. Project Motivation is an attempt to help young primary school children from disadvantaged homes develop an interest in learning and acquire the required competencies through a Child‐to‐Child approach. The middle school children were oriented to work with primary school children on a one‐to‐one basis. The findings show that as a result of this interaction younger children acquired some of the basic competencies over which they initially had problems and older children developed a positive self‐concept and a better sense of concern for younger children.

In our schools where one teacher has to struggle with 50‐60 children, this one‐to‐one approach should go a long way in giving the little children the required support and motivation to learn.  相似文献   

The role of goal orientations in students’ perceptions of classroom assessment in higher education     

Amrita Kaur  Mohammad Noman  Rosna Awang-Hashim 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(3):461-472

Students’ perception of assessment methods plays a significant role in determining their effort towards learning and their assessment tasks. Similar to the role of goal orientation in predicting students’ classroom learning, this study aims to examine how students’ goal orientations influence their perception of classroom assessments. Using a qualitative research design, the data was collected from 41 students enrolled in master’s degree programme at a public university in northern Malaysia, using reflection notes and semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using a typological approach to inductively develop the categories. The findings demonstrated that perception of mastery goal oriented students considerably contrasted with those with performance goal orientation. The distinctions in perception is discussed under four categories: assessment as a process or product, preferences for modes, reasons for effort and feeling and emotions. The implications of the findings are discussed for higher education practitioners.  相似文献   

Exploring strategies of teaching and classroom practices in response to challenges of inclusion in a Thai school: a case study     

Amrita Kaur  Rosna Awang-Hashim 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(5):474-485

The shift from special schools towards inclusive education is becoming increasingly prevalent across education systems around the world. However, the challenges this shift brings remain critical for developing nations where there is a huge chasm between policies and practices. This study used instrumental case study design to examine how a general education teacher strategised her teaching and classroom practices while accommodating a student with complex learning and behavioural disabilities within a regular classroom. Data collected through observations, in depth interviews and reflective journals suggested that the teacher made conscious efforts within limited resources to create strategies to help the student fit in the mainstream classroom. The strategies are discussed under socio-emotional, cognitive and physical categories. Implications for teachers' professional development are discussed.  相似文献   

Uric acid a better scavenger of free radicals than vitamin C in rheumatoid arthritis     

Mridula Mahajan  Sukhraj Kaur  Shruti Mahajan  Ravi Kant 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(2):205-207

Uric acid an endogenous aqueous antioxidant in normal humans is present in much higher concentrations than vitamin C and has been known to cover 2/3^rd of the free radical scavenging capacity in plasma. In the present study average uric acid levels of patients of rheumatoid arthritis were found to be close to the normal individuals. A unique feature was observed after classifying the patients on the basis of the duration of suffering, the patients having longer duration of disease had least uric acid levels as compared to those suffering from relatively lesser period, similar trend was observed in the ascorbic acid estimations. The decline in uric acid values with progression of the disease was much more than what was observed in case of ascorbic acid suggesting the significant role of uric acid in scavenging of free radicals. Too much lowering of Uric Acid should be checked and vitamin C should be supplemented in diet for maintaining the balance between pro oxidant and antioxidant forces to check pro oxidant insult in rheumatoid arthritis.  相似文献