Teaching Adults at College Level     

Arthur E. Workun 《College Teaching》2013,61(4):324-325

Abstract. Professors are often displeased with the research and synthesis of thought demonstrated in many of their students' research papers. One way to address this problem is by rewording assignments to encourage critical thinking. By reworking traditional research assignments to reflect the five information-literacy skills developed by the Association of College and Research Libraries, instructors can guide students through the research process in ways that actively develop critical thought processes.  相似文献   

Edwin Mansfield’s contributions to the economics of technology     

Arthur M Diamond Jr. 《Research Policy》2003,32(9):1607-1617

Edwin Mansfield’s contributions to the economics of technology are summarized from the early 1960s through his death in 1997. Mansfield’s methodology is discussed, as are his contributions on: the diffusion of technical innovation, the effect of firm size on innovation, the role of academic and basic research in increasing innovation and productivity, international technology transfer and the inaccuracy of technological forecasts. The economics profession’s evaluation of the relative importance of Mansfield’s work is presented, using as evidence citation counts of his works collected from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). Identified as among Mansfield’s most important contributions are his work on the importance of academic research for industrial innovations, his empirical estimation of the rates of diffusion of different innovations, and his estimation of the private and social returns from investments in industrial innovations. Finally, we present Mansfield’s advice on the future of the economics of technology.  相似文献   

Twenty-five years of the Education and the Information Technologies journal: Past and future     

Tatnall  Arthur  Fluck  Andrew 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(2):1359-1378

Education and Information Technologies - This article examines how research publications in education and information technologies have changed over the last twenty-five years. The authors...  相似文献   

Promoting Mother–Infant Book Sharing and Infant Attention and Language Development in an Impoverished South African Population: A Pilot Study     

Peter J. Cooper  Zahir Vally  Hallam Cooper  Theo Radford  Arthur Sharples  Mark Tomlinson  Lynne Murray 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2014,42(2):143-152

The low rates of child literacy in South Africa are cause for considerable concern. Research from the developed world shows that parental sharing of picture books with infants and young children is beneficial for child language and cognitive development, as well as literacy skills. We conducted a pilot study to examine whether such benefits might extend to an impoverished community in South Africa, by evaluating the impact of training mothers in book sharing with their 14–18 month old infants. Seventeen mothers received book sharing training; and 13 mothers did not, but instead received a comparison training in toy play. We assessed the mothers’ behavior during both book sharing and toy play before and after training, and we also assessed infant attention and language. Mothers receiving book sharing training engaged well with it, and they also benefited from it; thus, compared to the comparison group mothers, they became more sensitive, more facilitating, and more elaborative with their infants during book sharing, and they also became more sensitive to their infants during toy play. In addition, infants whose mothers received the book sharing training showed greater benefits than the comparison group infants in both their attention and language. Training in book sharing for families living in conditions of marked socio-economic adversity in South Africa has the potential to be of considerable benefit to child developmental progress. A large scale controlled trial is required to confirm this.  相似文献   

Monitoring of immunological parameters in adolescent basketball athletes during and after a sports season     

Diego Trevisan Brunelli  Ariel Rodrigues  Wendell Arthur Lopes  Arthur Fernandes Gáspari  Valéria Bonganha  Paulo César Montagner 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1050-1059

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to monitor the immunological and hormonal responses and the occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms in adolescent basketball athletes during the different stages of a sports season. Anthropometric measures, biochemical analyses (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, testosterone and cortisol), neuromuscular evaluations (standing vertical jumping ability, agility and estimated VO_2max) and leukocyte counts were performed at four moments: 72 h before the season (?72 h); before the season (Pre-season); after six weeks, at the end of the preparatory period (Preparatory); and after 20 weeks, at the end of the competitive period (Competitive). Also, the occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms was collected weekly during all stages of the season. There were significant increases in monocytes, cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein at the Competitive moment as compared to the Pre-season. In addition, interleukin-10 decreased at the Competitive moment as compared to the Pre-season. Occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms demonstrated increases (38%) during the competitive period as compared to the preparatory. These results suggest that periods of training and competition could increase the occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms in adolescent athletes and this may be due to the unwanted effects of an inflammatory process in response to the excessive stress of training and competition.  相似文献   

The use of the intensity gradient and average acceleration metrics to explore associations with BMI z-score in children     

Duncan S. Buchan  Gillian McLellan  Samantha Donnelly  Rosie Arthur 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(23):2751-2758

ABSTRACT

This study used the intensity gradient (IG) and average acceleration metrics to describe children’s activity profiles and explore associations with body mass index (BMI) z-score. Two hundred and forty-six children (n = 138 girls) aged 9.6 ± 1.4 years wore a wrist-mounted ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for 7 days on their non-dominant wrist. Physical activity (PA) metrics captured included: the IG which describes the intensity distribution of accelerations across the 24 h monitoring period; average acceleration which provides a measure of the volume of activity; total moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and inactive time. Acceleration was averaged over 5s epochs. Finally, BMI z-score was calculated for each participant. Average acceleration was negatively associated with BMI z-score (p < 0.05) independent of age and gender but not IG. The IG was negatively associated with BMI z-score independent of potential correlates and average acceleration. Total MVPA was not associated with BMI-z score. The IG and average acceleration metrics may be used to explore the independent or cumulative effects of the volume and intensity distribution of activity upon measures of health and well-being in children to inform specific activity recommendations.  相似文献   

A Reliable Method for the Measurement of Constant Load Maximal Endurance Performance on the Bicycle Ergometer     

Arthur Weltman  John Regan 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):176-179

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of achievement goal orientations and perceived motivational climate to perceptions of the intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety in a sample of university athletes representing various team sports. Although some studies have demonstrated that task orientation and mastery climate are associated with adaptive emotional patterns and ego orientation and performance climate are linked to less adaptive emotions, others have not verified these findings. In the present study, structural equation modeling was used to test these links. The results showed that perceptions of a performance climate were associated with ego orientation, whereas perceptions of a mastery climate were linked to task orientation. Furthermore, no significant links were found between task orientation and direction of competitive anxiety, while it was shown that the impact of ego orientation on the intensity and direction of cognitive and somatic anxiety was exerted through self-confidence. No significant direct links were found between motivational climates and competitive anxiety, thus implying that motivational climates may have an indirect impact on affective responses through the different goal orientations. The findings of the present study are discussed along with suggestions for examining situational and individual difference variables that may explain the relationships between intensity and direction of competitive anxiety and achievement goals and motivational climates.  相似文献   

Sources of Supplementary Materials for Health Instruction     

Nancy M. Miner  Arthur H. Steinhaus Ph.D. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):266-277

Abstract

Initially an inventory was constructed to measure certain configurations of leisure behavior to include the frequency of participation in 70 commonly practiced leisure time and recreational activities. After pretesting, the inventory was submitted to 120 males who had been randomly selected from the City Directory for Austin, Texas. The 75 responses which were completed and returned were sorted into four major age groups. The responses were subjected to a multiple discriminant analysis procedure to determine whether the groups could be distinguished from each other on the basis of the entire profile. Significant discrimination between the four age groups was demonstrated. Three discriminant functions were obtained and 14 of the 70 inventory items were found to be the highest contributors to the three derived discriminant functions.  相似文献   

全球社会中的公民教育   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

亚瑟·K·埃利斯  ;舒也文译  ;张文军校 《中国德育》2008,(7):26-28

公民是有知觉的道德主体,每个社会都要求有公民教育,而公民道德教育又是其重要的方面。教学者总是希望公民的教与学成为课程的一部分,对学生来说,就要求他们在实践中运用说教、经验、反思这三个方法。如果要形成某种意义上的全球公民的概念,那么教育的作用是至关重要的。要使全球公民成为现实,就需要有合作和相互依存的心态,超越国家界限和传统的束缚,这也将寄希望于未来的一代。  相似文献   

The pig-pet,pork or sacrifice?     

Arthur Arnold 《Children‘s Literature in Education》1988,19(2):80-85

Prior to early retirement, Arthur Arnold was Head of Community and Teaching Studies at Bradford College in the U. K. His book,Children, Animals and Books—The Historical and Social Significance of Animals in Children's Literature, is forthcoming (Croom Helm). He has also written novels for teenagers. Mr. Arnold's article in defense of the wolf appears inCLE, Summer, 1986.  相似文献