Schools in the shadow of terrorism: Psychosocial adjustment and interest in interventions following terror attacks     

Erika Felix  Eric M. Vernberg  Rose L. Pfefferbaum  Dodie C. Gill  John Schorr  Angela Boudreaux  Robin H. Gurwitch  Sandro Galea  Betty Pfefferbaum 《Psychology in the schools》2010,47(6):592-605

Following terrorist events, teachers and nonteaching school personnel are important in helping children recover, yet little is known about their willingness to assist with this. We surveyed 399 employees from a Washington, D.C.‐area school district following terror attacks (September 11, 2001, attacks; sniper shootings) about their exposure, adjustment, interest, and involvement in psychosocial interventions. Between 10% and 27% experienced one or more symptoms of posttraumatic stress (depending on category of symptom) in the month prior to the survey. Regression analyses revealed that peritraumatic distress, behavior change, and posttraumatic growth predicted interest in information on psychosocial interventions. Feeling prepared, adaptively managing work responsibilities, and perceiving an increase in student problems were related to intervening with students. Implications for school preparedness are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Can changes in resistance exercise workload influence internal load,countermovement jump performance and the endocrine response?     

Daniel J Hiscock  Brian Dawson  Michael Clarke  Peter Peeling 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(2):191-197

This study examined the influence of differing volume load and intensity (%1 repetition maximum[%1RM]) resistance exercise workouts on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and endocrine responses. Twelve participants performed a workout comprising four exercises (bench press, back squat, deadlift and prone bench pull) in randomised order as either power (POW); 3 sets × 6 repetitions at 45%1RM × 3 min inter-set rest, strength (ST); 3 sets × 3 repetitions at 90%1RM × 3 min inter-set rest, or hypertrophy (HYP); 3 sets × 10 repetitions at 70%1RM × 1 min inter-set rest in a randomised-crossover design. CMJ performance and endocrine responses were measured immediately pre-, post-, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-exercise. POW sRPE (3.0 ± 1.0) was lower than ST (4.5 ± 1.0) (P = 0.01), and both were lower than HYP (8.5 ± 1.0) (P = 0.01). Duration of CMJ decrement was longer (P ≤ 0.05) for HYP (72 h) compared to POW (12 h) and ST (24 h). Testosterone concentration was greater (P ≤ 0.05) immediately post-exercise in HYP compared to POW and ST. In conclusion, less inter-set rest, greater volume load and intensity (%1RM) may increase sRPE, duration of CMJ performance decrement and testosterone responses in resistance exercise.  相似文献   

Leading Developmental Peer Observation of Teaching in Higher Education: Perspectives from Australia and England     

Dallas Wingrove  Linda Hammersley-Fletcher  Angela Clarke  Andrea Chester 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2018,66(3):365-381

Whilst peer observation of teaching is well established as a practice that can enhance teaching quality, the challenge to fully embed this practice in universities remains unresolved. This article analyses the perspectives of 18 university leaders (nine Australian and nine English) drawn from a range of school-based leaders to senior leaders of learning and teaching. Our study indicates that some of the challenges associated with leading such schemes can be mitigated through approaches to educational leadership that enact a respectful and collegiate ethos. This we suggest can support developmental academic engagement in peer observation for positive and lasting change.  相似文献   

The impact of austerity on Irish higher education faculty     

Marie Clarke  Jonathan Drennan  Abbey Hyde  Yurgos Politis 《Higher Education》2018,75(6):1047-1060

Given the impact of austerity on higher education systems, an intellectual concern with the impact of austerity on faculty seems appropriate. In this article, austerity is explored through the everyday lived experience of faculty and its impact on both their personal and professional contexts. This aspect has been under-researched in the higher education literature and addresses the complexities and contradictions that the austerity can create for faculty. The study located in the Republic of Ireland provides an interesting context as the global financial crisis in 2008 resulted in 9 years of austerity measures that impacted on all aspects of the economy and particularly on the higher education sector. A social realist approach using Archer’s morphogenetic framework was employed. The framework facilitated an in-depth understanding of the relationship between structure, culture and agency and how austerity was experienced by faculty within their institutions.  相似文献   

Force-Time Curves of Voluntary Muscular Contraction at Varying Tensions     

David H. Clarke 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):900-907

Abstract

A recording spring-loaded hand ergograph with fast moving paper was utilized to obtain a record of the entire hand contraction sequence. The subjects (N=40) were given a series of six contractions, each beginning at a different initial tension: 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 kilograms. The contractions were separated by one minute and the order was systematically rotated to minimize either learning or fatigue. The development of force was found to progress exponentially according to a three-component mathematical equation. The control group (zero pre-tension) achieved a greater maximal force (F=4.5) than all others, and was the only one with a clear advantage in speed and tension. The rate of change constants were comparable, but the early initial (negative) component disappeared at the 20 kilogram condition and beyond. The factor of rate seemed to be independent of tension level.  相似文献   

Effects of a short-term pre-season training programme on the body composition and anaerobic performance of professional rugby union players     

Christos K. Argus  Nicholas Gill  Justin Keogh  Will G. Hopkins  C. Martyn Beaven 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):679-686

Abstract

Pre-season rugby training develops the physical requisites for competition and consists of a high volume of resistance training and anaerobic and aerobic conditioning. However, the effects of a rugby union pre-season in professional athletes are currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a 4-week pre-season on 33 professional rugby union players. Bench press and box squat increased moderately (13.6 kg, 90% confidence limits ±2.9 kg and 17.6 ± 8.0 kg, respectively) over the training phase. Small decreases in bench throw (70.6 ± 53.5 W), jump squat (280.1 ± 232.4 W), and fat mass (1.4 ± 0.4 kg) were observed. In addition, small increases were seen in fat-free mass (2.0 ± 0.6 kg) and flexed upper-arm girth (0.6 ± 0.2 cm), while moderate increases were observed in mid-thigh girth (1.9 ± 0.5 cm) and perception of fatigue (0.6 ± 0.4 units). Increases in strength and body composition were observed in elite rugby union players after 4 weeks of intensive pre-season training, but this may have been the result of a return to fitness levels prior to the off-season. Decreases in power may reflect high training volumes and increases in perceived of fatigue.  相似文献   

State Anxiety as a Function of Skill Level and Proximity to Competition     

Sharon Huddleston  Diane L. Gill 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):31-34

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between the oversized racquet and the standard-sized racquet in (1) a tennis shot accuracy test on four basic strokes (ground strokes, volley, return of serve, and serve), and (2) a measure of players' subjective evaluation of playability (control, accuracy, power, and feel). Research participants (n = 57) were undergraduate students separated into two skill levels, intermediate (n = 29) and beginners (n = 28). Data were analyzed using a two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor. Result from the skills tests indicated that both beginning and intermediate groups scores significantly higher when using the oversized racquet. The scores received when using the oversized racquet tended to reflect a general increase in all four components of the skill test, particularly the return of serve. Data indicated that the subjective evaluation of the playing characteristic of each racquet was influenced by the player's skill level. Beginning players favored the oversized racquet, yet intermediate players rated the two racquet types about equal. The investigation suggests that beginning and intermediate tennis players, educators, and tennis teaching professionals should consider using and encouraging the use of oversized racquets.  相似文献   

Age-Related Differences in Muscular Strength and Muscular Endurance among Female Masters Swimmers     

Gail M. Dummer  David H. Clarke  Paul Vaccaro  Lee Vander Velden  Allan H. Goldfarb  James M. Sockler 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):97-102

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in muscular strength and muscular endurance among 73 female masters swimmers aged 24 to 71 years. Each subject was assessed on measures of body size, grip strength, peak isokinetic torque of shoulder and knee flexion and extension, and endurance of shoulder and knee movements. Although swim training appears to have resulted in higher strength values for these swimmers than for less active women, an age-related decline in muscular strength values was nevertheless apparent. The results fail to reveal a similar age-related trend for muscular endurance, suggesting that swim training influences muscular endurance more than muscular strength among adult women.  相似文献   

Development of the Sport Orientation Questionnaire     

Diane L. Gill  Thomas E. Deeter 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):191-202

Abstract

The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ) was developed as a multidimensional, sport-specific measure of individual differences in sport achievement orientation. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a stable, three-factor structure across three separate samples of university and high school students. The three separate but related subscales of competitiveness, win, and goal orientation demonstrate high internal consistency and stability over time. The SOQ competitiveness score differentiates students in competitive activities from those in noncompetitive activities, providing evidence for construct validity. The overall factor stability, reliability and validity evidence suggests that the SOQ can be a valuable measure for the investigation of competitiveness and achievement behavior in sport and exercise settings.  相似文献   

Properties of Isokinetic Fatigue at Various Movement Speeds in Adult Males     

David H. Clarke  James M. Manning 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):221-226

Abstract

Eighteen male subjects, ages 20–28 years, engaged in three fatigue bouts using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II). Maximum knee extension contractions were given for 100 s at a rate of 30 per minute. The three contraction speeds chosen were 120° · s ^–1 160° · s ^–1 and 200° · s ^–1.Peak torque at 120° · s ^–1 was significantly greater (p <.05) than at 200° · s ^–1 for the first 60 s, and 160° · s ^–1 for the first 50 s. Thereafter, no significant differences existed among conditions. All three curves were found to follow two-component exponential functions as shown by the equation y_t =a ₂ e^k2^t – a ₁ e^k1^t + c. The three curves possessed similar rate constants for both components. Time to peak torque was achieved at similar times for testing at 160 and 200° · s ^–1 (p <.05). It is concluded that peak torque varies inversely with movement speed, and that the pattern of decrement is independent of movement speed. Time to peak torque does not appear to change significantly across trials in isokinetic fatigue.  相似文献