Moving Toward a Balanced and Effective Response to Internet Music Piracy     

Harald Fivelsdal 《媒体管理杂志》2013,15(3-4):121-126

Peer-to-peer file sharing of music over the Internet is perceived as a major threat to the international recording industry. This article proposes a novel response to this issue and contrasts this proposed approach with the response of the recording industry to date. The author suggests that piracy could be reduced by changing the distribution of music to an application service provider (ASP) model. Consumers would pay to use software residing on a remote server to play downloaded files but would not possess a complete copy of a physical product that could be reproduced. By selling music as an application, the industry could exercise tighter control over the security of its product without attempting to secure every computer, music player, and CD manufactured. The ASP approach would also limit infringement to the much more serious crime of hacking a corporate server and would eliminate the need to sue large numbers of otherwise law abiding consumers.  相似文献   

Learned Helplessness and Psychological Adjustment II: Effects of learning disabilities and low achievement     

Harald Valås 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(2):101-114

The present study, a continuation of Valås (2001), is concerned with two categories of low achieving students. The focus is particularly on the consequences of being diagnosed as having learning disabilities compared with not having such a diagnosis. The sample consisted of 1833 students with data collected in grades 4, 7 and 9. Multivariate analyses of variances and analyses of structural equation models showed that students with learning disabilities and low achieving students attributed success in mathematics and first language to ability to a greater extent than other students. They also expressed lower performance expectations in mathematics and verbal skills and showed more helplessness and reported inferior psychological adjustment compared with other students. Moreover, students that were diagnosed as having learning disabilities (LD) and received special education showed more helplessness than the other low achieving children. They also reported lower academic expectations and lower self-esteem. In addition, the results revealed that boys showed more helpless behaviour, as assessed by teachers, than girls. However, on the other hand, girls reported more psychological maladjustment. The conclusion and request is that the process of selection (diagnosing the student as LD) and the organization and implementation of special education should be reconsidered.  相似文献   

Effects on muscle strength,maximal jump height,flexibility and postural sway after soccer and Zumba exercise among female hospital employees: a 9-month randomised controlled trial     

Svein Barene  Andreas Holtermann  Harald Oseland  Ole-Lars Brekke  Peter Krustrup 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(19):1849-1858

This 9-month randomised controlled workplace physical activity trial investigated the effects of soccer and Zumba exercise, respectively, on muscle strength, maximal jump height, sit-and-reach flexibility and postural sway among female workers. A total of 107 female hospital employees aged 25–63 were cluster-randomised to a soccer group, a Zumba group or a control group. Training was conducted outside working hours as two to three 1-h weekly sessions the first 3 months and once a week the last 6 months. Tests were conducted at baseline, after 3 and 9 months. The soccer group improved maximal neck extension strength both after 3 (1.2 kg; P < 0.05) and 9 months (1.7 kg; P < 0.01) compared to the control group. The Zumba group improved maximal trunk extension strength (3.1 kg; P = 0.04) after 3 months, with improvements in postural sway velocity moment (?9.2 mm²/s; P < 0.05) and lower limb lean mass (0.4 kg; P < 0.05) after 9 months. No significant intervention effects were revealed in vertical jump height or sit-and-reach flexibility. The present study indicates that workplace-initiated soccer and Zumba exercise may be beneficial for improvement of the neck and trunk strength, which may have preventive effects with regard to future perceived muscle pain in the respective body regions. Furthermore, the Zumba group revealed positive effects on lower limb lean mass and postural sway compared to the control group.  相似文献   

The gross anatomy course: An analysis of its importance     

Anja Böckers  Lucia Jerg‐Bretzke  Christoph Lamp  Anke Brinkmann  Harald C. Traue  Tobias M. Böckers 《Anatomical sciences education》2010,3(1):3-11

The gross anatomy dissection course is a cost‐intensive piece of undergraduate medical education that students and professionals alike describe as very important within the overall medical curriculum. We sought to understand more explicitly students' valuation of gross anatomy as an “important” course and so developed a quantitative longitudinal questionnaire. Medical students (n = 124) enrolled in the winter term 2006/2007 gross anatomy course at the Ulm University Faculty of Medicine were surveyed anonymously prior to, in the middle of, and at the end of the dissection course. Subgroups of students expressing rising or falling opinions of course value were identified and correlated with student opinions about the course's ability to convey professional competencies. Five‐point Likert scales were used for each survey item, which included such standardized instruments as the NeoFFI, BSI, and FBM. The study confirmed that medical students believe dissection to be valuable. Students indicated that participation in the course facilitated acquisition of anatomy knowledge as well as skills related to teamwork, coping with stress, and, to a lesser extent, time management. Students also noted that they developed less empathy than expected beforehand. Significant subgroup differences were observed relative to the competencies of teamwork, stress coping strategies, and empathy, as well as in students' stress levels associated with having to take a dissection course. Our study builds on previous work that has shown dissection courses help students develop professional competencies. The increase in professionalism might be a reason for the generally high value students place on the gross anatomy dissection course, Anat Sci Educ 3:3–11, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Training on the project: a quantifying approach to competence development     

Christian?Stummer  Walter J?Gutjahr  Michaela?Denk  Harald?Riedmann  Karl A?FroeschlEmail author 《知识管理研究与实践》2012,10(1):64-78

In the project ‘Competence-Driven Project Portfolio Analysis’ (CDPPA), an integrated system for supporting R&D project selection, staff assignment and activity scheduling with special consideration of the strategic development of competencies has been designed and implemented prototypically. The system has been field-tested at the Electronic Commerce Competence Center (EC3), a public–private partnership R&D enterprise. Experiences from this trial application are summarised and discussed, particularly concerning data collection and competence measurement, the benefits and limits of the chosen multi-criteria decision analysis approach, the evaluation of introduced changes to the decision-making processes, and the transparency of the formal planning model and its components.  相似文献   

詹金逊与谢伦伯格时代之后的新鉴定观争论     

Reto  Tschan  蔡娜 《山西档案》2005,(4):17-19

文章介绍了继詹金逊与谢伦伯格时代后，以文献战略、后保管模式和亲詹金逊派为代表的新鉴定观争论的主要内容，以及电子时代对新鉴定观争论的影响。  相似文献   

Impact evaluation from quality assurance agencies’ perspectives: methodological approaches,experiences and expectations     

Matti Kajaste  Anna Prades  Harald Scheuthle 《Quality in Higher Education》2015,21(3):270-287

Starting from the main objective of external quality assurance (EQA) procedures to assure and improve the quality of higher education institutions and its provisions, the paper examines expected impacts of EQA procedures on institutions from the perspectives of three European quality assurance agencies. First, the paper examines the expected impacts of different standard parts of a typical peer review procedure on higher education institutions and assesses when a procedure is most likely to have an effect on the institution. The second part presents the current practices of the three EQA agencies, AQU Catalunya (Spain), Evaluationsagentur Baden-Württemberg (evalag) (Germany) and the Finnish Education Evaluation Centre (Finland) on assessing the impact of their EQA procedures.  相似文献   

Attention toward contexts modulates context-specificity of behavior in human predictive learning: Evidence from the <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-back task     

Metin Uengoer  Sara Lucke  Harald Lachnit 《Learning & behavior》2018,46(3):320-326

According to the attentional theory of context processing (ATCP), learning becomes context specific when acquired under conditions that promote attention toward contextual stimuli regardless of whether attention deployment is guided by learning experience or by other factors unrelated to learning. In one experiment with humans, we investigated whether performance in a predictive learning task can be brought under contextual control by means of a secondary task that was unrelated to predictive learning, but supposed to modulate participants’ attention toward contexts. Initially, participants acquired cue-outcome relationships presented in contexts that were each composed of two elements from two dimensions. Acquisition training in the predictive learning task was combined with a one-back task that required participants to match across consecutive trials context elements belonging to one of the two dimensions. During a subsequent test, we observed that acquisition behavior in the predictive learning task was disrupted by changing the acquisition context along the dimension that was relevant for the one-back task, while there was no evidence for context specificity of predictive learning when the acquisition context was changed along the dimension that was irrelevant for the one-back task. Our results support the generality of the principles advocated by ATCP.  相似文献   

Expression of human acidic fibroblast growth factor in Pichia pastoris     

余瑛 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2)

1. Introduction Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), a member of a family of structurally related polypeptides, is a kind of multifunctional protein that can stimulate cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation. In vivo, aFGF displays angiogenic activity promoting vascular endothelial cell mitogenesis as well as chemotaxis and induction of proteases involved in tissue regeneration [1]. Due to this wide range of biological activities, many potential therapeutic usages of aFGF …  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Hartwig Wittje  Hans Scheuerl  Harald Wagner  Gottfried Hausmann  Herman Lange  Volker Lenhart  Bettina Kobialka  Philip G. Altbach  Colin Titmus  Harry N. Drier  T. Neville Postlethwaite  W. D. Halls  Martin Carnoy  Brian Cooksey 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1986,32(2):199-222

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