Relating Latent Change Score and Continuous Time Models     

Manuel C. Voelkle  Johan H. L. Oud 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(3):366-381

The primary goal of this article is to demonstrate the close relationship between 2 classes of dynamic models in psychological research: latent change score models and continuous time models. The secondary goal is to point out some differences. We begin with a brief review of both approaches, before demonstrating how the 2 methods are mathematically and conceptually related. It will be shown that most commonly used latent change score models are related to continuous time models by the difference equation approximation to the differential equation. One way in which the 2 approaches differ is the treatment of time. Whereas there are theoretical and practical restrictions regarding observation time points and intervals in latent change score models, no such limitations exist in continuous time models. We illustrate our arguments with three simulated data sets using a univariate and bivariate model with equal and unequal time intervals. As a by-product of this comparison, we discuss the use of phantom and definition variables to account for varying time intervals in latent change score models. We end with a reanalysis of the Bradway–McArdle longitudinal study on intellectual abilities (used before by McArdle & Hamagami, 2004) by means of the proportional change score model and the dual change score model in discrete and continuous time.  相似文献   

Carbon nanotubes for electronics manufacturing and packaging： from growth to integration     

Johan Liu  Di Jiang  Yifeng Fu  Teng Wang 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2013,(1):13-27

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Effect of substrates and underlayer on CNT synthesis by plasma enhanced CVD     

Liang Xu  Di Jiang  Yi-Feng Fu  Stephane Xavieras  Shailendra Bansropun  Afshin Ziaei  Shan-Tung Tu  Johan Liu 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2013,(3):236-240

Due to their unique thermal, electronic and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes （CNTs） have aroused various attentions of many researchers. Among all the techniques to fabricate CNTs, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition （PECVD） has been extensively developed as one growth technique to produce verticallyaligned car bon nanotubes （VACNTs）. Though CNTs show a trend to be integrated into nanoelectromechanical system （NEMS）, CNT growth still remains a mysterious technology. This paper attempts to reveal the effects of substrates and un derlayers to CNT synthesis. We tried five different substrates by substituting intrinsic Si with high resistivity ones and byincreasing the thickness of SiO2 insulativity layer. And also, we demonstrated an innovative way of adjusting CNT den sity by changing the thickness of Cu underlayer.  相似文献   

School‐based ICT policy plans in primary education: Elements,typologies and underlying processes     

Ruben Vanderlinde  Sara Dexter  Johan van Braak 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2012,43(3):505-519

Schools are more and more encouraged to write a school‐based information and communication technology (ICT) policy plan. In such a plan, a school describes its expectations, goals, content and actions related to the future role of ICT in teaching and learning. Although this is encouraged by researchers and policy makers, the literature on ICT policy plans and ICT policy planning is rather general and underdeveloped. In this study, the content of school‐based ICT policy plans and underlying policy processes is explored. Data were gathered in 31 primary schools in Flanders: the schools' ICT policy plan was submitted to a content analysis, and a semi‐structured interview was administered to the school leader or the ICT coordinator. Using a framework of ICT leadership practices to guide the analysis (setting direction, developing people and making the organization work), we identified three types of ICT policy plans: (1) an ICT policy plan as a vision blueprint, (2) a technical inventory and (3) a comprehensive ICT policy plan. Although the last type takes into account all ICT leadership practices, we found a variety of different approaches in the processes used to create and execute such plans, such as the support of ICT training activities, data‐driven decision‐making processes and monitoring activities.  相似文献   

The Role of Students’ Home Language in Science Achievement: A multilevel approach     

Evelien Van Laere  Koen Aesaert  Johan van Braak 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(16):2772-2794

The present study aimed to identify the role of both student- and school-level characteristics in primary school students’ achievement in the science curriculum. As societies become more culturally and linguistically diverse, many students enter the classroom with a home language that is different from the language of instruction used at school. This study takes into account both the home language and literacy in the language of instruction in relation to student achievement in science subjects. Questionnaires, reading performance tests, and science achievement tests were administered to 1,761 fourth-grade students from 67 schools across Flanders (Belgium). Multilevel hierarchical regression analyses show that the home language and literacy in the language of instruction play an important role in science achievement at the student level, next to gender and socioeconomic status. Students with a home language that is different from the language of instruction experience difficulties with science subjects. Moreover, the higher students’ performance on reading comprehension and self-assessed proficiency in the language of instruction, the higher their score on science achievement tests. At the school level, a school's teachability expectations are one of the key factors related to students’ science achievement. Limitations of this study and future directions for research are discussed.  相似文献   

Prisoners’ academic motivation,viewed from the perspective of self-determination theory: Evidence from a population of Norwegian prisoners     

Manger  Terje  Hetland  Jørn  Jones  Lise Øen  Eikeland  Ole Johan  Asbjørnsen  Arve E. 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2020,66(4):551-574

International Review of Education - The study presented in this article explores prisoners’ academic motivation structure from the theoretical perspective of self-determination theory, using...  相似文献   

Training of perceptual-cognitive skills in offside decision making   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Catteeuw P  Gilis B  Jaspers A  Wagemans J  Helsen W 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2010,32(6):845-861

This study investigates the effect of two off-field training formats to improve offside decision making. One group trained with video simulations and another with computer animations. Feedback after every offside situation allowed assistant referees to compensate for the consequences of the flash-lag effect and to improve their decision-making accuracy. First, response accuracy improved and flag errors decreased for both training groups implying that training interventions with feedback taught assistant referees to better deal with the flash-lag effect. Second, the results demonstrated no effect of format, although assistant referees rated video simulations higher for fidelity than computer animations. This implies that a cognitive correction to a perceptual effect can be learned also when the format does not correspond closely with the original perceptual situation. Off-field offside decision-making training should be considered as part of training because it is a considerable help to gain more experience and to improve overall decision-making performance.  相似文献   

To play or not to play,that’s the question – young people’s experiences of organized spontaneous sport     

Johan Högman  Christian Augustsson 《Sport in Society》2017,20(9):1134-1149

As an attempt to reach physically inactive young people, especially girls, organized spontaneous sport (OSP) was implemented as a part of the state programme ‘The Sports Lift’ (2010). Projects, however, tended to primarily attract physically active boys rather than the actual target group. This problem calls for a qualitative approach to gain further knowledge about the interplay within the activities. Accordingly, this study aims to examine young people’s experiences of OSP activities with focus on participation, leadership and determining processes. To fulfil this purpose, a case study design was implemented. Data were collected through observations (pilot study) and semi-structured interviews with participants. The theoretical point of departure is developmental ecology, emphasizing the individual’s interaction with the multilevel environment. Results show that OSP is experienced as different from conventional organized sport. Further, the domination of boys is made possible through upholding the masculine sports norm, which is actualized within determining processes.  相似文献   

Does slow motion impact on the perception of foul play in football?     

Jochim Spitz  Koen Put  Johan Wagemans  A. Mark Williams 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):748-756

Objectives: Slow-motion replays of foul play situations are now used in the education and training of sports officials. We investigated the impact of video speed on the decision-making process of association football referees and how this interacted with expertise. Methods: Three different groups of referees, varying in level of expertise, assessed video clips from an in-game perspective. Video clips represented corner kick and open play situations in which a foul occurred or not. For these foul/no foul situations, the referees had to make a technical (no foul; indirect free kick; direct free kick; or penalty kick) and a disciplinary decision (no card; yellow card; or red card), under both slow-motion and real-time viewing conditions. Accuracy scores were determined by comparing participant’s responses with the decisions of an expert panel. Results: Significant differences were observed across groups for foul/no foul situations, suggesting that the experts were able to process the available information more effectively than their less expert colleagues. The accuracy scores for the technical decision were higher in slow motion (67%) compared to a real-time viewing condition (56%), particularly for corner kick situations. No differences were found between real time and slow motion for the disciplinary decision. Conclusions: Slow-motion footage results in higher accuracy scores for complex technical decisions. These findings have implications for the use of slow-motion replays in the decision-making process of referees.  相似文献   

电子封装中各向异性导电胶的可靠性     

刘建影  路秀真  曹立强 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2007,11(1):1-1

Anisotropic conductive adhesive technology for electronics packaging and interconnect application has significantly been developed during the last few years. It is time to make a summary of what has been done in this field. The present paper reviews the technology development, especially from the reliability point of view. It is pointed out that anisotropic conductive adhesives are now widely used in many applications and the reliability data and models have been developed to a large extent for anisotropic conductive adhesives in various applications.  相似文献