High school students’ scientific epistemological beliefs,motivation in learning science,and their relationships: A comparative study within the Chinese culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tzung-Jin Lin  Feng Deng  Ching Sing Chai  Chin-Chung Tsai 《International Journal of Educational Development》2013

This study explored the differences in high school students’ scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs), motivation in learning science (MLS), and the different relationships between them in Taiwan and China. 310 Taiwanese and 302 Chinese high school students’ SEBs and MLS were assessed quantitatively. Taiwanese students generally were more prone to believe that scientific reality is invented, the development of scientific knowledge is culture-dependent, and scientific knowledge is always changing and its status is tentative than the Chinese students were. Yet, the Taiwanese students perceived higher test anxiety in science than the Chinese students did. Moreover, Chinese students who have a stronger belief that science knowledge is changing and tentative are more likely to perceive themselves as having higher test anxiety in science. The results suggest that the role of culture might have an impact on students’ SEBs and their MLS.  相似文献   

Rapid detection of natriuretic peptides by a microfluidic LabChip analyzer with DNA aptamers: Application of natriuretic peptide detection     

Ming-Cheng Lin  Jiraporn Nawarak  Tai-Yuan Chen  Hsien-Yu Tsai  Jung-Feng Hsieh  Supachok Sinchaikul    Shui-Tein Chen 《Biomicrofluidics》2009,3(3)

Rapid detection of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration can be used for the diagnosis of acute heart failure and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of a clinical therapy. We used the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment method to develop DNA aptamers for BNP whose sequences were determined by cloning method and consensus sequence analysis. A total of eight conserved sequences was identified. By combining the fluorescent-labeled aptamers with fast protein lab-on-chip analysis, we could achieve quantification of BNP concentrations with high speed, sensitivity, and specificity.  相似文献   

EP-based adaptive tracker with observer and fault estimator for nonlinear time-varying sampled-data systems against actuator failures     

Jason S.-H. Tsai  Chao-Lung Wei  Shu-Mei Guo  Leang S. Shieh  Ce R. Liu 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2008,345(5):508-535

An evolutionary programming-based adaptive observer is presented in this paper to improve the performance of state estimation of nonlinear time-varying sampled-data systems. Also, this paper presents a novel state-space adaptive tracker together with the proposed observer and estimation schemes for nonlinear time-varying sampled-data systems having actuator failures. For the class of slowly varying nonlinear time-varying systems, the proposed methodology is able to achieve the desired fault detection and performance recovery for the originally well-designed systems, as long as the controller having the high-gain property. For practical implementation, we utilize the advantages of digital redesign methodology to convert a well-designed high-gain analog controller/observer into its corresponding low-gain digital controller/observer. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The developed digitally redesigned adaptive tracker with the proposed observer and estimator is suitable for implementation by using microprocessors.  相似文献   

Conceptions of Memorizing and Understanding in Learning,and Self-Efficacy Held by University Biology Majors     

Tzu-Chiang Lin  Chin-Chung Tsai 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(3):446-468

This study aims to explore Taiwanese university students’ conceptions of learning biology as memorizing or as understanding, and their self-efficacy. To this end, two questionnaires were utilized to survey 293 Taiwanese university students with biology-related majors. A questionnaire for measuring students’ conceptions of memorizing and understanding was validated through an exploratory factor analysis of participants’ responses. As for the questionnaire regarding the students’ biology learning self-efficacy (BLSE), an exploratory factor analysis revealed a total of four factors including higher-order cognitive skills (BLSE-HC), everyday application (BLSE-EA), science communication (BLSE-SC), and practical works (BLSE-PW). The results of the cluster analysis according to the participants’ conceptions of learning biology indicated that students in the two major clusters either viewed learning biology as understanding or possessed mixed-conceptions of memorizing and understanding. The students in the third cluster mainly focused on memorizing in their learning while the students in the fourth cluster showed less agreement with both conceptions of memorizing and understanding. This study further revealed that the conception of learning as understanding was positively associated with the BLSE of university students with biology-related majors. However, the conception of learning as memorizing may foster students’ BLSE only when such a notion co-exists with the conception of learning with understanding.  相似文献   

Returns to overeducation: A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. labor market     

Yuping Tsai 《Economics of Education Review》2010,29(4):606-617

Studies examining the wage effect of overeducation have generated very consistent results. Their findings suggest that, for workers with similar educational attainment, workers who are overeducated for the job suffer from significant wage penalties. However, most studies use cross-sectional data, implicitly assuming that workers are randomly assigned to being overeducated. Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the period 1979–2005, this study conducts a panel analysis to account for time-constant individual characteristics. It uses a numerical approach to provide the wage effects in the presence of non-classical measurement error in the educational mismatch variables. The results provide evidence that overeducated status does not cause lower earnings. Instead, the significant wage differential found in previous studies is simply a result of ignoring the non-random assignment of workers to jobs.  相似文献   

Neural Oscillation Reveals Deficits in Visuospatial Working Memory in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder          下载免费PDF全文

Chun‐Hao Wang  Yu‐Ting Tseng  Dang Liu  Chia‐Liang Tsai 《Child development》2017,88(5):1716-1726

The electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations associated with visuospatial working memory (VSWM) were examined in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD; 10–11 years; N = 29) and typically developing (TD) children (10–11 years; N = 29). Behaviorally, DCD showed poorer VSWM than TD, which coincided with the diminished ability of DCD in modulating neural oscillations. Furthermore, prestimulus oscillatory alpha activity was correlated with VSWM performance. The results suggest that children with DCD might have a reduced ability to encode and recognize new information, and in particular have difficulty in maintaining task‐relevant information, resulting in poorer VSWM. This study thus concludes that changes in oscillatory EEG activity reflect some of the problems leading to cognitive deficits in DCD.  相似文献   

Social Categorization on Perception Bias in the Practice of Microteaching     

Jon-Chao Hong  Ming-Yueh Hwang  Chow-Chin Lu  Chi-Ruei Tsai 《Research in Science Education》2017,47(1):185-201

Microteaching has gained considerable attention for its effectiveness in rapid and contextual training in professional development programs. However, the interpretive quality of the teaching demonstration and peer feedback may influence individuals’ attribution and self-correction, leading to ineffective learning. In this study, a microteaching workshop in a professional development program for 78 elementary school science teachers was investigated. The results showed that the effectiveness of microteaching was negatively affected by participants’ perception bias due to social categorization. Moreover, it was indicated that the participants’ perception of the in-group and out-group, classified by the degree of the individuals’ science knowledge, fostered social categorization. Participants tended to experience perception conflicts caused by their inability to see personal faults, and a typical perception bias of “seeing one’s own strengths and seeing others’ shortcomings” was more frequently recognized in the out-group. These results converge to highlight the importance of social categorization in perception bias relevant to microteaching.  相似文献   

Electrotaxis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells in a multiple-electric-field chip with uniform flow field     

Hsieh-Fu Tsai  Shih-Wei Peng  Chun-Ying Wu  Hui-Fang Chang  Ji-Yen Cheng 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(3)

We report a new design of microfluidic chip (Multiple electric Field with Uniform Flow chip, MFUF chip) to create multiple electric field strengths (EFSs) while providing a uniform flow field simultaneously. MFUF chip was fabricated from poly-methyl methacrylates (PMMA) substrates by using CO₂ laser micromachining. A microfluidic network with interconnecting segments was utilized to de-couple the flow field and the electric field (EF). Using our special design, different EFSs were obtained in channel segments that had an identical cross-section and therefore a uniform flow field. Four electric fields with EFS ratio of 7.9:2.8:1:0 were obtained with flow velocity variation of only 7.8% CV (coefficient of variation). Possible biological effect of shear force can therefore be avoided. Cell behavior under three EFSs and the control condition, where there is no EF, was observed in a single experiment. We validated MFUF chip performance using lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and then used the chip to study the electrotaxis of HSC-3, an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The MFUF chip has high throughput capability for studying the EF-induced cell behavior under various EFSs, including the control condition (EFS = 0).  相似文献   

Dynamic superconcentration at critical-point double-layer gates of conducting nanoporous granules due to asymmetric tangential fluxes     

Shau-Chun Wang  Hsien-Hung Wei  Hsiao-Ping Chen  Min-Hsuan Tsai  Chun-Ching Yu    Hsueh-Chia Chang 《Biomicrofluidics》2008,2(1)

A transient 10⁶-fold concentration of double-layer counterions by a high-intensity electric field is demonstrated at the exit pole of a millimeter-sized conducting nanoporous granule that permits ion permeation. The phenomenon is attributed to a unique counterion screening dynamics that transforms half of the surface field into a converging one toward the ejecting pole. The resulting surface conduction flux then funnels a large upstream electro-osmotic convective counterion flux into the injecting hemisphere toward the zero-dimensional gate of the ejecting hemisphere to produce the superconcentration. As the concentrated counterion is ejected into the electroneutral bulk electrolyte, it attracts co-ions and produce a corresponding concentration of the co-ions. This mechanism is also shown to trap and concentrate co-ion microcolloids of micron sizes too (macroions) and hence has potential application in bead-based molecular assays.  相似文献   

Students’ Scientific Epistemic Beliefs,Online Evaluative Standards,and Online Searching Strategies for Science Information: The Moderating Role of Cognitive Load Experience     

Ya-Hui Hsieh  Chin-Chung Tsai 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(3):299-308

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of cognitive load experience between students’ scientific epistemic beliefs and information commitments, which refer to online evaluative standards and online searching strategies. A total of 344 science-related major students participated in this study. Three questionnaires were used to ascertain the students’ scientific epistemic beliefs, information commitments, and cognitive load experience. Structural equation modeling was then used to analyze the moderating effect of cognitive load, with the results revealing its significant moderating effect. The relationships between sophisticated scientific epistemic beliefs and the advanced evaluative standards used by the students were significantly stronger for low than for high cognitive load students. Moreover, considering the searching strategies that the students used, the relationships between sophisticated scientific epistemic beliefs and advanced searching strategies were also stronger for low than for high cognitive load students. However, for the high cognitive load students, only one of the sophisticated scientific epistemic belief dimensions was found to positively associate with advanced evaluative standard dimensions.  相似文献