Linguistic Invention and Semantic Warrant Production: Elementary Teachers’ Interpretation of Graphs     

Janet Walter  Christine Johnson 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2007,5(4):705-727

In this qualitative study of mathematical discourse between elementary teachers, we examined linguistic invention and semantic warrant production as participants made successive attempts to communicate mathematical ideas. Linguistic invention is a creative practice of describing mathematics in terms of personal experience. We introduce semantic warrant production, which emerged as part of our analysis of substantial arguments produced by teachers learning mathematics. Participants engaged in linguistic invention and semantic warrant production to convince themselves and others of the validity of their mathematical inferences about a graph of rate of change versus time. Personal experiences that are taken-as-shared in a learning community can support accurate mathematical inference if connections between conventional language, common experiences, and mathematical representations are made explicit by learners.  相似文献   

Relative returns to human and physical capital in the U.S. and efficient investment strategies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Walter W. Mcmahon 《Economics of Education Review》1991,10(4)

This paper presents new estimates of the social rates of return to a high school and to a 4-year college education for males and females in the U.S. for each year from 1967 to 1988 based on microeconomic data from U.S. Census Bureau surveys. These are compared with the real rates of return to investment in plant and equipment and in housing since 1947. Results reveal drastic declines in returns to a junior high school education for those who leave (from 21 to 7%), steady rates of return to a high school education averaging 12%, and real rates of return to the college level rising gently to 12–14% levels in the late 80s, with a dip in the mid 70s. Rates of return to housing, including capital gains, were only 5% in this period, compared with 15% for plant and equipment investment.  相似文献   

Engaging Pre-Service Teachers in Multinational, Multi-Campus Scientific and Mathematical Inquiry     

Jennifer Anne Wilhelm  Walter S. Smith  Kendra L. Walters  Sonya E. Sherrod  Judith Mulholland 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(1):131-162

Pre-service teachers from Texas and Indiana in the United States and from Queensland, Australia, observed the Moon for a semester and compared and contrasted their findings in asynchronous Internet discussion groups. The 188 pre-service teachers were required to conduct inquiry investigations for their methods coursework which included an initial Moon observation assignment, an Internet Moon discussion, and a final project. The Moon context was chosen for its motivating capability, its inherent interdisciplinary makeup, its inclusion in the National Science Education Standards, and its ability to be viewed worldwide. This study was of a mixed method research design and involved pre-service teachers’ journals, summative reflections, Internet discussions, final projects, and the Lunar Phases Concept Inventory (LPCI). Analysis of the qualitative data was conducted through the exploration of patterns and themes that illustrated pre-service teachers’ conceptual development, and the LPCI was administered as a pre/post assessment. We found that our project led to increased knowledge concerning the mathematics and science involved with understanding the Moon and its phases. We also found that it was beneficial to have Internet discussions with pre-service teachers from around the world, but it was not without its problems (e.g., coordinating schedules and lack of participation by some participants). We discovered that pre-service teachers’ exposure to the new uses of technology for teaching and learning did not necessarily translate to their planning to adopt similar techniques in their own classrooms.  相似文献   

The relation of education and R&D to productivity growth     

Walter W. McMahon 《Economics of Education Review》1984,3(4):299-313

This paper considers the relation of education and of scientific and technical knowledge developed through R&D to labor productivity growth within the medium term. It is unique in using a total capital approach that includes both private and public physical, human, and knowledge capital formation and in use of a medium term model for determining productivity growth that includes both demand side and supply side effects. Empirical results for the U.S. and 14 other major OECD nations for 5-yr time periods from 1955 through 1980 find education as measured both by the average educational attainment of the labor force and by the percentage of advanced level graduates who bring technology to bear on production to be significant determinants of productivity growth. Gross investment in physical capital also transmits the R&D and has a positive influence, as do higher utilization rates and the technology transfer associated with lower initial productivity levels.  相似文献   

Modeling black student academic performance in higher education     

A. Wade Smith  Walter R. Allen 《Research in higher education》1984,21(2):210-225

Recent research has noted differences in the predictive efficacy of educational attainment models produced for whites as opposed to blacks; and called for more resolution in the findings on blacks in advance of further comparative analyses. The National Study of Black College Students (NSBCS) is employed to develop a model that distinguishes between high- and low-performing black undergraduates attending public, four-year institutions. In the NSBCS sample (N=695), discriminant function analysis identifies several institutional and student characteristics which are related to black students' educational outcomes. Specifically, students with both high occupational aspirations and high academic performances tend to be male, attend comparatively larger schools, and, to a lesser degree, be relatively well-adjusted upperclassmen. When academic performance is the sole issue, it is positively correlated with institutional quality, but the advantage belongs to black females. Contrary to the suggestions of previous research, black community sentiment did not have relationships with educational outcomes to the extent expected. These results suggest that future models of black educational attainment marry traditional Wisconsin-type measures with institutional and student attributes.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1983 meetings of the American Sociological Association, Detroit, Mich.  相似文献   

Understanding patterns of evolution acceptance—A new implementation of the Measure of Acceptance of the Theory of Evolution (MATE) with Midwestern university students          下载免费PDF全文

William L. Romine  Emily M. Walter  Ephiram Bosse  Amber N. Todd 《科学教学研究杂志》2017,54(5):642-671

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Situating Special Educators’ Instructional Quality and Their Students’ Outcomes within the Conditions Shaping Their Work     

Elizabeth Bettini  Yujeong Park  Amber Benedict  Jenna Kimerling  Walter Leite 《Exceptionality》2016,24(3):176-193

This investigation examined relationships among special education teachers’ working conditions (e.g., classroom characteristics, administrative support), personal characteristics (e.g., experience, certification status, self-efficacy), instructional quality, and students with disabilities’ reading achievement and behavioral outcomes. Data from the 2004–2005 administration of the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study were used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the fit of models for five latent factors. Hybrid structural models were applied to test the hypothesis that working conditions would be positively associated with special education teachers’ self-efficacy and their instructional quality, which would, in turn, be positively associated with their students’ reading achievement and behavioral outcomes. Although the initial structural equation model tested failed to support the hypotheses, several significant relationships with theoretical and practical significance were discovered. Directions for future research and practical implications are discussed.  相似文献   

Sport as a means of immigrant youth integration: an empirical study of sports,intercultural relations,and immigrant youth integration in Switzerland     

Elena Makarova  Walter Herzog 《Sportwissenschaft》2014,44(1):1-9

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of sport in immigrant youths integration into a host society. The analyses are based on a survey of 454 first-generation immigrant youths from secondary, vocational, and pre-apprenticeship schools located in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. In short, our results indicate that for most immigrant youth, sport is an important part of their free time, even though the proportion of female immigrant youth doing sport in sports clubs is twice as low as that of male immigrant youth. Our findings also illustrate that female and male immigrant youth who do sports in clubs have considerably more personal contact with Swiss peers during these sporting activities. Moreover, the young people who have frequent personal contact with Swiss peers during sporting activities reported having considerably more intercultural contacts in their free time and among their close friends. Finally, immigrant youths’ contacts with Swiss peers during sporting activities increase their feeling of being integrated in Switzerland.  相似文献   

Quantifying spatio-temporal dynamics of biomarker pre-concentration and depletion in microfluidic systems by intensity threshold analysis     

Ali Rohani  Walter Varhue  Yi-Hsuan Su  Nathan S. Swami 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(5)

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Principles of instructional design, 5th edition     

Robert M. Gagne  Walter W. Wager  Katharine C. Golas  John M. Keller  James D. Russell 《Performance Improvement》2005,44(2):44-46

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