Age-related incidence curve of hospitalized Shaken Baby Syndrome cases: convergent evidence for crying as a trigger to shaking     

Barr RG  Trent RB  Cross J 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(1):7-16

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is an age-specific incidence of hospitalized cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) that has similar properties to the previously reported "normal crying curve," as a form of indirect evidence that crying is an important stimulus for SBS. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study analyzed cases of Shaken Baby Syndrome by age at hospitalization from hospital discharge data for California hospitals from October 1996 through December 2000. PATIENTS: All cases of children less than 18 months (78 weeks) of age for whom the diagnostic code for Shaken Baby Syndrome (995.55) in the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification was assigned. RESULTS: There were 273 hospitalizations for SBS. Like the "normal crying curve," the curve of age-specific incidence starts at 2-3 weeks, has a clear peak, and declines to baseline by about 36 weeks of age. In contrast to the normal crying curve that peaks at 5-6 weeks, the peak of SBS hospitalizations occurs at 10-13 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The age-specific incidence curve of hospitalized SBS cases has a similar starting point and shape to the previously reported normal crying curve but the peak occurs about 4-6 weeks later. Of the likely predisposing causes, this pattern is only consistent with the properties of early crying. There are numerous explanations for the lag in the peaks between crying and SBS hospitalizations, including the possibility of repeat shakings prior to hospitalization. The importance of crying as a stimulus to SBS may provide an opportunity for preventive intervention.  相似文献   

Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among incarcerated males in county jail     

Johnson RJ  Ross MW  Taylor WC  Williams ML  Carvajal RI  Peters RJ 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(1):75-86

OBJECTIVE: The current study examined the prevalence and characteristics of childhood sexual abuse in a jailed-based population. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective, self-reported survey was administered over an 8-week period to a random sample of 100 men who were incarcerated in a county jail in Southeastern Texas. The survey included questions about childhood sexual experiences before and after puberty, drug history and use, and sexual risk-taking behaviors. RESULTS: Of the 100 male inmates who participated in this study, 59% reported experiencing some form of sexual abuse before puberty, and all such instances occurred before or at the age of 13 years. The first episode of childhood sexual abuse began at an average age of 9.6 years (SD = 2.4), and ended at an average age of 13.0 years (SD = 2.3). Kissing and touching without intercourse (64%) was the common pattern of sexual abuse experience reported. The total number of perpetrators was 165, with 10% male and 90% female. Friends (n = 72) and family (n = 56) were the most frequent perpetrators. CONCLUSION: Childhood sexual abuse may be more prevalent among inmates than among males in the general population. These results show a high percentage of inmates who report a history of childhood sexual abuse; this rate is higher than those reported by other studies for incarcerated males. The findings support the belief held by professionals in the criminal justice field that a significant number of incarcerated males may have been victims of sexual abuse.  相似文献   

网络信息检索中利用the Staceys测度方法提高逻辑运算效率的思考     

Ronald Rousseau 《情报学报》2006,25(5):580-586

网络信息检索中,逻辑运算符AND连接检索词的顺序很大程度上会影响检索效率.论文首先分析、介绍了the Staceys测度方法在改善AND检索效率中发挥的作用,并在此基础上提出简化了的测度算法,最后通过实例说明其实现步骤.  相似文献   

Event-Konzepte     

Ronald Hitzler  Babette Kirchner  Jessica Pahl 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2013,16(3):143-158

In view of processes of individualization and pluralization, the requirements for living in modern societies result in significantly increased complexity of social constructions of reality. Especially for individualized juvenile people new forms of communities are a constitutive feature of social lifestyle progression and rearrangement. Within events a specific type of these juvenile communalities emerges. Based on two different cases, a music festival and an improvisational theater performance, this paper emphasizes a crucial similarity of events: the use of (physical) staging as a social mechanism for integration and distinction. The process of ‘eventization’ (i.e., spectacularization) provides a framework for action, in which emotional as well as mental affiliations constitute.  相似文献   

Research and evaluation in sexuality education: an allegorical exploration of complexities and possibilities     

Ronald W. Morris 《Sex education》2013,13(4):405-422

Defining ‘success’ in sexuality education solely in terms of quantitative outcome measures is woefully inadequate. All too often, such measures presuppose and perpetuate a narrow and overly instrumental view of sexuality and education. Research and evaluation favouring quantitative measures of effectiveness tend to amplify short‐term results and mediocre ends at the expense of more substantive insight into the complexities and nuances of human action and good practice. The paper begins with a true story involving a teenager and high‐risk behaviours. This story serves as a basis for an allegorical exploration of programme development, goals and vision. The allegory offers a context for thinking about the importance of research and evaluation methods that focus on expressive action, agency and symbolic metaphorical thinking as opposed to measurable behaviours and linear logical thinking.  相似文献   

Computers and the Teaching of Writing: implications for teacher development     

Ronald D. Owston 《Technology, Pedagogy and Education》2013,22(2):239-250

ABSTRACT

The relationship between the computer and the teaching of writing is complex; it varies over time, is embedded in the classroom social context, and depends on the teacher's instructional goals. In this article, several dimensions of this relationship are explored to provide illustrations of its complexity. The conclusion is that the computer literacy workshops or courses typically found in pre‐service or in‐service teacher educational programmes are inadequate to prepare teachers for the teaching of writing with computers. New kinds of courses need to be developed that examine how computers affect classroom culture and the writing process.  相似文献   

An Innovative Living Experience in Israel     

Ronald G. Wolfson 《Journal of Jewish Education》2013,79(3-4):68-80

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Inquiry in Project-Based Science Classrooms: Initial Attempts by Middle School Students     

Joseph Krajcik  Phyllis C. Blumenfeld  Ronald W. Marx  Kristin M. Bass  Jennifer Fredricks  Elliot Soloway 《学习科学杂志》2013,22(3-4):313-350

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Why we Need Certification Standards in Criminal Justice Education and what the Impacts will be: a Response to the Concerns of JDs     

Ronald D. Hunter 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2013,24(2):193-204

In 2005 the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences approved ACJS Certification Standards for Academic Programs. This was the culmination of two decades of efforts on the part of criminal justice educators to establish minimum standards for the discipline. These standards were developed to improve the quality of criminal justice education at the associate’s, bachelor’s and master’s degree levels. Section C, which establishes faculty qualifications for teaching at the various program levels, has been criticized by educators holding JDs as an effort by PhDs to push them out of the profession. The President of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences responds to specific concerns of JDs and then discusses the general impacts of the ACJS certification standards on criminal justice education.  相似文献   

Complaint in Sheff v. O'Neill     

Robert H. Beach  Ronald A. Lindahl 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(2):5-12

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