Effects of organizational pictures and modality as a feedback strategy on learner comprehension and satisfaction     

Albert D. Ritzhaupt  Raymond Pastore  Jiahui Wang  Robert O. Davis 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2018,66(5):1069-1086

One of the strongest instructional interventions documented in educational literature is the use of feedback to influence learning outcomes. However, there is lack of empirical research specifically pertaining to the use of multimedia in the feedback message. The purpose of this research was to test whether organizational pictures and modality as a feedback strategy had an effect on learner comprehension and satisfaction. The research design was a 2 Multimedia (Picture Present vs. Picture Absent) × 2 Modality (Narration vs. On-screen Text) × Trial (Trial 1 vs. Trial 2) with Multimedia and Modality serving as between-subject conditions and Trial serving as a repeated measure. One-hundred fifteen university students participated in the study. Findings show statistically significant increases in comprehension scores from Trial 1 to Trial 2 assessments for all four treatment conditions. Learners in the Picture present conditions were statistically more satisfied with the learning experience. Additionally, we used eye-tracking to verify the extent to which the pictures were used in the feedback message. A discussion and recommendations for future research and feedback design are provided.  相似文献   

Tea polyphenols dominate the short-term tea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis>) leaf litter decomposition     

Dong-mei Fan  Kai Fan  Cui-ping Yu  Ya-ting Lu  Xiao-chang Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(2):99-108

Polyphenols are one of the most important secondary metabolites, and affect the decomposition of litter and soil organic matter. This study aims to monitor the mass loss rate of tea leaf litter and nutrient release pattern, and investigate the role of tea polyphenols played in this process. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and classical litter bag method were used to simulate the decomposition process of tea leaf litter and track the changes occurring in major polyphenols over eight months. The release patterns of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were also determined. The decomposition pattern of tea leaf litter could be described by a two-phase decomposition model, and the polyphenol/N ratio effectively regulated the degradation process. Most of the catechins decreased dramatically within two months; gallic acid (GA), catechin gallate (CG), and gallocatechin (GC) were faintly detected, while others were outside the detection limits by the end of the experiment. These results demonstrated that tea polyphenols transformed quickly and catechins had an effect on the individual conversion rate. The nutrient release pattern was different from other plants which might be due to the existence of tea polyphenols.  相似文献   

Opportunities to notice: Chinese prospective teachers noticing students’ ideas in a distance formula lesson     

Lin Ding  Higinio Domínguez 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2016,19(4):325-347

This paper investigates the noticing of six Chinese mathematics prospective teachers (PSTs) when looking at a procedural error and responding to three specific tasks related to that error. Using video clips of one student’s procedural error consisting of exchanging the order of coordinates when applying the distance formula, some variation was found in how PSTs attended to, interpreted, and responded to this error. A more important finding is represented by the inconsistent responses that individual PSTs provided to the three related tasks. This finding suggests that, to some extent, prior learning experience, beliefs, and orientations inform what PSTs notice. But the finding also suggests the centrality of selecting tasks that provide accurate representations of PSTs’ emerging professional noticing. Implications for teacher educators are discussed.  相似文献   

Development and Evaluation of Turkish Language Versions of three Positive Psychology Assessments     

Abdulkadir Haktanir  A. Stephen Lenz  Nesime Can  Joshua C. Watson 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2016,38(4):286-297

This study reports the development and evaluation of a Turkish-language version of three positive psychology assessments for use in clinical, education and research settings with Turkish-speaking individuals. A multistage translation of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS; Smith et al. in International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200, 2008), the General Mattering Scale (GMS; Marcus 1991) and the Short Grit Scale (GS; Duckworth & Quinn in Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 166–174. doi:10.1080/00223890802634290, 2009) is detailed, as well as the procedure used to evaluate the internal structure of the translated assessments. The results yielded from data of 268 participants indicated factor structures ranging from acceptable to robust model fit for the BRS, GMS, and GS. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Effects on cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of the incorporations of silver nanoparticles into the surface coating of dental alloys     

Xiao-ting Shen  Yan-zhen Zhang  Fang Xiao  Jing Zhu  Xiao-dong Zheng 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2017,18(7):615-625

The aim of this study was to research the changes in cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties after silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were incorporated into the surface coating of dental alloys. AgNPs were attached to cobalt chromium alloys and pure titanium using a hydrothermal method, according to the reaction: AgNO₃+NaBH₄→ Ag+1/2H₂+1/2B₂H₆+NaNO₃. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the alloys when in contact with osteogenic precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) from mice and mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) from rats. The antibacterial properties of dental alloys incorporating three different concentrations (10, 4, and 2 μmol/L) of AgNPs were tested on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Streptococcus mutans (MS). High cytotoxicity values were observed for all dental alloys that contained 0% of AgNPs (the control groups). The incorporation of AgNPs reduced cytotoxicity values. No significant difference was observed for antibacterial performance when comparing dental alloys containing AgNPs to the respective control groups. The results demonstrated that the cobalt chromium alloys and pure titanium all had cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 and BMSC and that the incorporation of AgNPs could reduce this cytotoxicity. The concentrations of AgNPs adopted in this study were found to have no antibacterial action against SA or MS.  相似文献   

The effectiveness of self-regulated learning scaffolds on academic performance in computer-based learning environments: a meta-analysis     

Lanqin Zheng 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2016,17(2):187-202

This meta-analysis examined research on the effects of self-regulated learning scaffolds on academic performance in computer-based learning environments from 2004 to 2015. A total of 29 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis with a total sample size of 2648 students. Moderator analyses were performed using a random effects model that focused on the three main areas of scaffold characteristics (including the mechanism, functions, delivery forms, mode, and number of scaffolds; how to promote self-regulated learning by scaffolds); demographics of the selected studies (including sample groups, sample size, learning domain, research settings, and types of computer-based learning environments); and research methodological features (including research methods, types of research design, types of organization for treatment, and duration of treatment). Findings revealed that self-regulated learning scaffolds in computer-based learning environments generally produced a significantly positive effect on academic performance (ES = 0.438). It is also suggested that both domain-general and domain-specific scaffolds can support the entire process of self-regulated learning since they demonstrated substantial effects on academic performance. Different impacts of various studies and their methodological features are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Inclusive schooling policy: An educational detective story?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Julianne Moss 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2003,30(1):63-81

Since the publication of the Salamanca statement (UNESCO 1994), inclusive schooling has formed a growing part of the deliberations of the special education community. Inclusive schooling research in Australia in the main continues to reproduce traditions of the special education field, emphasising the dominant psychological perspectives that have been superimposed on inclusive education discourses. At the fifth International Congress of Special Education (ISEC 2000) held in Manchester, ‘the death knell of the concept of special education’ (ISEC 2000) was announced. The concept proposed by Mike Oliver, Professor of Disability Studies at the University of Greenwich, asserts an end to understandings of diversity dependent on medical, psychological and charity-based discourses. From a recent study of inclusive schooling policy, and drawing from poststructuralist methodology, I suggest an approach to research, policy development and practice that questions traditionalist theorising in the special education field. Reflecting on the implementation of the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities Policy (DECCD 1995) in the Tasmanian government school system, I outline my alignment with Oliver’s view and highlight how questions of epistemology and reconstructions of research methodologies are central to rethinking understandings of difference. I also illustrate a methodological orientation that offers possibilities for a different science to take place, thereby understanding diversity as multiple and contradictory — and beyond the single ‘detective story’ (Gough 1998) of the medical, psychological and charity-based discourses that circulate in schools as the populist conceptions of ‘inclusion’.  相似文献   

Academic language and the quality of written arguments and explanations of Chilean 8th graders     

Javiera Figueroa  Alejandra Meneses  Eugenio Chandia 《Reading and writing》2018,31(3):703-723

Writing is a task that entails high cognitive and linguistic efforts, especially when producing academic texts. Academic language might be one of the factors influencing the quality of written texts, given that prior research has shown its impact on reading comprehension. The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of Spanish Core Academic Language Skills (S-CALS) and academic vocabulary to the quality of written argumentation and explanation. For this study, 126 Chilean 8th grade students produced an argumentative text and an explanatory text about the same topic. In addition, their academic vocabulary was assessed with the S-AVoc-T test and their CALS with the S-CALS-I test. Results show that both CALS and academic vocabulary are significantly and positively correlated with both writing tasks. Even though these instruments make different contributions to the predictive models in each discursive genre, a Principal Component Analysis revealed that the model that best explains writing quality are those which combine both language variables, namely Spanish Core Academic Language and Vocabulary Skills (S-CALVS). In argumentation, the S-CALVS model explains 29% of the variance, after controlling by gender. In contrast, in explanation, S-CALVS explains 35% of the variance. It is concluded that it is relevant to develop situated writing in each discursive genre and, upon that basis, to work with both CALS and academic vocabulary, because they have a specific impact on academic texts writing.  相似文献   

Scheduling algorithm for multimedia services in IEEE 802.16e OFDM system     

董国军  戴居丰 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2008,14(1):31-36

Based on five scheduling types and their QoS requirements defined in IEEE 802.16e specification, this paper proposes a new scheduring algorithm for non-real-time or real-time multimedia services. Taking the performances of efficiency, fairness and complexity into consideration, the proposed algorithm enhances the efficiency of air interface resource at the expense of the short-time unfairness, but ensures the long-time fairness. Moreover, the proposed algorithm introduces an efficient QoS assurance mechanism, which implements the functions of congestion control, queuing management and traffic management. The simulation results based on a simplified traffic model show that the proposed algorithm guarantees better performances of efficiency and fairness than conventional algorithms, without increasing the algorithm complexity. Especially on the occasion of heavy-traffic requirement, the performance of efficiency and fairness can be improved by 50% at most.  相似文献   

新FRP技术加固钢筋混凝土矩形柱改善延性的试验研究     

刘涛  冯伟  张智梅  欧阳煜 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2008,12(1):7-14

Reinforced concrete （RC） columns lacking adequately detailed transverse reinforcement do not possess the necessary ductility to dissipate seismic energy during a major earthquake without severe strength degradation. In this paper, a new retrofit method, which utilized fiber-reinforced plastics （FRP） confinement mechanism and anchorage of embedded bars, was developed aiming to retrofit non-ductile large RC rectangular columns to prevent the damage of the plastic hinges. Carbon FRP （CFRP） sheets and glass FRP （GFRP） bars were used in this test, and five scaled RC columns were tested to examine the function of this new method for improving the ductility of columns. Responses of columns were examined before and after being retrofitted. Test results indicate that this new composite method can be very effective to improve the anti-seismic behavior of non-ductile RC columns compared with normal CFRP sheets retrofitted column.  相似文献