Global production networks, knowledge diffusion, and local capability formation   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

Dieter Ernst  Linsu Kim   《Research Policy》2002,31(8-9)

This paper develops a conceptual framework that explores the linkage between the evolution of global production networks (GPN), the role of network flagships in transferring knowledge, and the formation of capabilities by local suppliers. GPN are a major innovation in the organization of international business. These networks combine concentrated dispersion of the value chain across the boundaries of the firm and national borders, with a parallel process of integrating hierarchical layers of network participants. The network flagships transfer both explicit and tacit knowledge to local suppliers through formal and informal mechanisms. This is necessary to upgrade the local suppliers’ technical and managerial skills, so that they can meet the flagships’ specifications. We also examine how GPN can act as mediators in the capability formation of local suppliers.  相似文献   

Content Familiarity: Differential Impact of Effective Teaching on Student Achievement Outcomes     

Dieter J. Schönwetter  Rodney A. Clifton  Raymond P. Perry 《Research in higher education》2002,43(6):625-655

Improving the quality of higher education for all students requires researchers to focus on factors that potentially influence learning. Of particular interest are student entry characteristics and effective teaching behaviors. Accordingly, structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between student differences, prior experience with the subject material, past performances, teaching behaviors, and perceived learning and achievement. A theoretical model containing 8 variables was formulated and tested on students who were either experienced or inexperienced with the course material. The data were gathered at a large midwestern university fitting the Carnegie classification as a research institution. Overall, student achievement is affected by test anxiety and high school GPA. Prior experience with the course content revealed that content-unfamiliar students' perception of learning is more positively influenced by instructor organization than by instructor expressiveness, whereas for content-familiar students, expressiveness is much more influential than organization. Additionally, content-unfamiliar students are more sensitive to both teaching behaviors than content-familiar students. These findings have important implications for administrators, instructors, and researchers.  相似文献   

Reward magnitude and shock variables (continuity and intensity) in shuttlebox-avoidance learning     

Dorothy E. McAllister  Wallace R. McAllister  Stephen E. Dieter 《Learning & behavior》1976,4(2):204-209

In Experiment I, eight groups of rats (n = 20) were given shuttlebox-avoidance training. Two levels of shock (.3 and 1.6 mA) were combined factorially with two levels of reward (large and small) under both continuous and discontinuous (.75 sec on and 2.00 sec off) shock. Visual situational cues were absent after a shuttle response for the large-reward condition and present for the small-reward condition. Superior performance was obtained with weak rather than strong shock under both reward conditions and with large rather than small reward only under the weak-shock condition. Continuity of shock had no differential effect on performance. Experiment II allowed the conclusion that the reward effect was attributable to a reinforcement mechanism. The data were taken as support for the effective reinforcement theory, which emphasizes the importance in avoidance learning of fear conditioned to situational cues.  相似文献   

Useful Bookshops     

Alphons Silberman  Jens A. Hertwig  Oswald Schbberl  Franz Josef Eilers  Medien Gesamtkonzeption  Dieter Breun 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):30-31

Alphons Silberman, Handwörterbuch der Massenkommunikation und Medienforschung [CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MASS COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA RESEARCH] (Berlin: Spiess, 1982, 506 pp. in 2 vols.—DM 48,).

Jens A. Hertwig &; Oswald Schbberl Publizistik und Kommunikationswissenschaft: Forschungsdokumentation 1978-1980 [SCIENCE OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCE: DOCUMENTATION OF RESEARCH 1978-1980] (Bonn: Informationszentrum Sozialwissenschaften 1982. 375 pp.—DM 48,- Address: Lennestr. 50, D-5300 Bonn 1).

[BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUSTRIAN MASS COMMUNICATION LITERATURE 1981]. (Vienna: osterreichisches Dokumentationszentrum fur Medien - und Kommunikationsforschung ADMAC 1982. XVI, 238 pp. —OS 150.- Address: Universitatsstr. 7, A-1010 Wien).

Franz Josef Eilers CHRISTIAN COMMUNICATION DIRECTORY ASIA Communicatio socialis. Beiheft 9. (Paderborn: Scii6ningh 1982. 1,036 pp.—DM 57,-).

Medien-Gesamtkonzeption. Bericht der Expertenkom mission fur eine Medien-Gesam tkonzep don [GLOBAL CONCEPTION OF THE MEDIA: REPORT OF THE COMMISSION OF EXPERTS ON A GLOBAL CONCEPTION OF THE MEDIA] (Bern: Eidgenossisches Justiz-und Polizeidepartement 1982. LXI, 703 pp.—free on request from: Eidgen6ssische Drucksachen-und Materialzentrale, CH-3000 Bern).

Dieter Breun, Geschichte der literarischen Zensur in Deutschland [HISTORY OF LITERARY CENSORSHIP IN GERMANY] Uni-TaschenbUcher. 1208. (Heidelberg: Quelle &; Meyer 1982. 264 pp.—DM 26,80).

Klaus Wernecke &; Peter Heller, Der vergessene Führer: Alfred Hugenberg, Pressemacht und Nationalsozialismus [THE FORGOTTEN LEADER: ALFRED HUGENBERG, PRESS POWER AND NAZISM] (Hamburg: VSA-Verl. 1982. 231 pp.—DM 19,80).

Rudiger Liedtke, Die verschenkte Presse: Die Geschichte der Lizensierung von Zeitungen Hach 1945 [THE PRESS GIVEN AWAY: THE HISTORY OF PRESS LICENSING AFTER 1945] VAS. 14. (Berlin: Verl. rtir Studium und Ausbildung in der Elefanten Press 1982. 240 pp.—DM 24,80. Publisher's address: Zossener Str. 32, D-1000, Berlin 31).

Peter Brummond &; Peter Schwindt, Der Pressmark in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Oiratliche Aufgabe und privatwirtschaftliche Organisation der Presse [THE PRESS MARKET IN THE FRG: PUBITC- RESPONSIBILITY AND PRIVATE INDUSTRY OF THE PRESS].

Heinz-Willi Gross, Die Deutsche Presse-Agentur: Historische Analyse ihrer Organisations - und Machstruktur, externer Interessenverflechtungen und der Position auf dem bundesdeutschen Nachrichtenmarkt [THE GERMAN PRESS-AGENCY: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ORGANIZATION, ITS STRUCTURE OF POWER, THE COMPLEXITY OF EXTERNAL INTERESTS AND THE POSITION ON THE GERMAN MARKET OF NEWS] (Frankfurt: Haag Herchen 1982. 260 pp.—DM 26,80).

Christine B. Koerner, Entwicklung und Konzeption der Presse in Albanien und der albanesischen Exilpress [DEVELOPMENT AND CONCEPTION OF THE PRESS IN ALBANIA AND OF THE ALBANIAN EXILE PRESS]. Albanische Forschungen. Bd. 22. (Munchen: Trofenik 1982. XI, 534 pp.—DM 88,-).

Manfred Hagen, Die Entfaltungpolitischer Öffentlichkeit in Russland 1906-1914 [THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PUBLIC IN RUSSIA] = Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des 15stlichen Europa. 18. (Wiesbaden: Steiner 1982. X, 402 pp.— DM 90,-).

Hans J. Kleinstuber, Rundfunkpolitik in der Bundesrepublik: Der Kampf urn die Macht Aber HeSrfunk und Fernsehen [BROADCASTING POLITICS IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC: THE QUARREL ABOUT THE CONTROL OF RADIO AND TV]. = Reihe Analysen. 32. (Opladen: Leske &; Budrich 1982. 184 pp.—DM 16,80).

Friedrich Kübler, Medienverfleichtung: Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung der Marktstrukturprobleme privaten Rundunks [MEDIA CONCENTRATION: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE MARKET STRUCTURE OF PRIVATE BROADCASTING] Beitrhe zum Rundf unkrecht. 26. (Frankfurt: Metzner 1982. 109pp.—DM 35,-).

Franz Ronneberger with Ulla Meister &; Manuela Reith, Neue Medien: Vorteile und Risiken fir die Struktur der demokratischen Gesellschaft und den Zusammenhalt der sozialen Gruppen. Eine Literaturstudie [NEW MEDIA: FAVOURS AND RISKS FOR THE STRUCTURE OF DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY AND THE UNITY OF SOCIAL GROUPS] Schriften der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur COMNET. 1. (Konstanz: Universiatsverlag Konstanz 1982. 133 pp.—DM 38,-).

Michael Geisler, Die literarische Reportage in Deutschland: Möglichkeiten and Grenzen eines operativen Genres [THE LITERARY REPORT IN GERMANY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF A WORKING GENRE] Mongraphien Literaturwissenschaft. 53. (KOnigstein: Scriptor 1982. X, 428 pp.—DM 49,80).

Kristina Zerges, Sozialdemokratische Press und Literatur: Empirische Untersuchung zur Literaturvermittlung in der sozialdemokrati-Presse 1876 bis 1933 [SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PRESS AND LITERATURE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON LITERATURE IN THE SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC PRESS FROM 1876 to 1933](Stuttgart: Metzler 1982. IX, 319 pp.—DM 58,-).

Erich Strassner, Fernsehnachrichten: Eine Produktions-, Produkt- und Rezeptionsanalyse [TELEVISION NEWS: AN ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION, PRODUCT AND RECEPTION] Medien in Forschung und Unterricht. Ser. A., Bd. 3. (Tilbingen: Niemeyer 1982. XIII, 531 pp.—DM 128,-).

Andreas-Rudolf Wosnitza, Fernsehnachrichten fur Kinder: Eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme [TELEVISION NEWS FOR CHILDREN: A CRITICAL SURVEY] (Frankfurt: R.G. Fischer 1982. VIII, 274 pp.—DM 29,80).

Sabine Jörg, ed., Spaß für Millionen: Wie unterhält uns das Fernsehen? [AMUSEMENT FOR MILLION&; HOW DOES TELEVISION ENTERTAIN US?] (Berlin: Spiess, 1982. 178 pp.-DM 19,80).

Petra S. Hartmann-Laugs &; A. John Goss, Unterhaltung und Politik im Abendprogramm des DDRFernsehens [ENTERTAINMENT AND POLITICS IN THE NIGHTLY PROGRAM OF TELEVISION OF THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] Bibliothek Wissenschaft und Politik. 29. (KlIn: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik 1982. 238 pp.-DM 24,-).

Günter Bentele &; Robert Ruoff [HOW OBJECTIVE ARE OUR MEDIA?) Fischer Taschenbuch. 4228. (Frankfur Fischer 1982. 335 pp.-DM 14,80).

Klaus Berg &; Marie-Luise Kiefer [MASS COMMUNICATION 2: A PANEL STUDY OF MEDIA USE AND GRATIFICATION 1964-1980] Sci enreihe Media Perspektiven. 2. (Frankfurt: Me ner 1982. 237 pp.-DM 19,80).

Horst 0. Walker [THE PRESS- AND INFORMATION OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT: A STUDY ON PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION, COORDINATION AND CONTROL OF THE PRESS- AND PR WORK OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT] (Frankfurt: Haag &; Herchen, 1982. 455 pp.-DM 58,-).

Heinz-Dietrich Fischer Auslandskorrespondenten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Status, Aufgaben, Arbeitsprobleme professioneller Presseberichterstatter aus Bonn [FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS IN THE FRG: STATUS, TASKS, PROBLEMS OF WORK OF PROFESSIONAL PRESS REPORTERS FROM BONN] Journalismus. N. F. 16. (Dusseldorf: Droste 1982, 270 pp.—DM 68,-).  相似文献   

The influence of stretching and warm‐up exercises on Achilles tendon reflex activity     

Dieter Rosenbaum  Ewald M. Hennig 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):481-490

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of prior exercise (warm‐up and stretching) on the electromyographic and force output of mechanically elicited triceps surae reflexes. Fifty male subjects performed eight reflex experiments under each of three successive conditions in one session: (1) no prior exercise, (2) after static stretching of the passive triceps surae (3 min) and (3) after a 10‐min warm‐up run on a treadmill. Tendon tap reflex force was elicited in the triceps surae of the right leg by means of a standardized reflex hammer and measured in a custom‐built fixture. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded with surface electrodes over the medial head of the gastrocnemius (G) and the soleus (S). Low coefficients of variation within subjects contrasted with high between‐subject variations, indicating highly individual reflex characteristics. After stretching, reductions in the peak force (‐5%; P < 0.05), the force rise rate (‐8%; P < 0.01), the half relaxation rate (‐5%; N.S.), the EMG amplitudes (G, ‐16%; S, ‐17%; P < 0.01) and integrals (G, ‐15%; S, ‐18%; P < 0.01), and an increase in EMG latencies (G, +3%; S, +1%; P < 0.01), were found compared with the values obtained without prior exercise. After running, the peak force reached the values obtained without prior exercise (‐2%; N.S.), the force rise rate and half relaxation rate increased by 8 and 12%, respectively (P < 0.01), and the impulse (force‐time integral; ‐12%), EMG amplitudes (G, ‐20%; S, ‐23%; P < 0.01), integrals (G, ‐18%; S, ‐23%; P < 0.01) and latencies (G, ‐1%; S, ‐2%; P < 0.01) decreased significantly. The changes in the force characteristics observed after the stretching treatment indicate improved muscle compliance that might reduce the risk of injury. On the other hand, the changes after the additional warm‐up run had a more pronounced influence with regard to improved force development and a decreased EMG activity, which can be viewed as a performance‐enhancing effect.  相似文献   

Systems and Cascades in Cognitive Development and Academic Achievement     

Marc H. Bornstein  Chun‐Shin Hahn  Dieter Wolke 《Child development》2013,84(1):154-162

A large‐scale (N = 552) controlled multivariate prospective 14‐year longitudinal study of a developmental cascade embedded in a developmental system showed that information‐processing efficiency in infancy (4 months), general mental development in toddlerhood (18 months), behavior difficulties in early childhood (36 months), psychometric intelligence in middle childhood (8 years), and maternal education either directly or indirectly (or both) contribute to academic achievement in adolescence (14 years).  相似文献   

A CONCLUDING COMMENT     

Dieter Hessel 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(4):570-573

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Editorial des geschäftsführenden Herausgebers     

Dieter Lenzen 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2009,12(1):3-3

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Credibility and Economic Value in the Visual Arts     

Holger Bonus  Dieter Ronte 《Journal of Cultural Economics》1997,21(2):103-118

The paper states that the quality of visual arts cannot be measured objectively. An artist must be credible to the public in order to generate economic value. How is credibility and thus economic value generated on the market? To judge the quality of arts, it takes experts. They form a worldwide network relationship and apply cultural knowledge, a highly specific type of knowledge which requires lifelong learning. Cultural knowledge is only in part of a factual nature and includes subjective elements. Since the public cannot in general ascertain the quality of an artist's oeuvre directly, experts must themselves be credible to the public in order to lend credibility to a given oeuvre. It is shown that the process by which experts generate public credibility for a given oeuvre is path dependent, i.e., may by chance end up at inferior solutions.  相似文献   

ACADEMIC COUNSELLING IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY: 10 PILOT SCHEMES EVALUATED     

Klaus‐Dieter Grunwald 《Higher Education in Europe》1982,7(2):68-72

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