Growth influences biomechanical profile of talented swimmers during the summer break     

Marc F. Moreira  Jorge E. Morais  Daniel A. Marinho  António J. Silva  Tiago M. Barbosa 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(1):62-74

This study aimed to analyse the effect of growth during a summer break on biomechanical profile of talented swimmers. Twenty-five young swimmers (12 boys and 13 girls) undertook several anthropometric and biomechanical tests at the end of the 2011–2012 season (pre-test) and 10 weeks later at the beginning of the 2012–2013 season (post-test). Height, arm span, hand surface area, and foot surface area were collected as anthropometric parameters, while stroke frequency, stroke length, stroke index, propelling efficiency, active drag, and active drag coefficient were considered as biomechanical variables. The mean swimming velocity during an all-out 25 m front crawl effort was used as the performance outcome. After the 10-week break, the swimmers were taller with an increased arm span, hand, and foot areas. Increases in stroke length, stroke index, propelling efficiency, and performance were also observed. Conversely, the stroke frequency, active drag, and drag coefficient remained unchanged. When controlling the effect of growth, no significant variation was determined on the biomechanical variables. The performance presented high associations with biomechanical and anthropometric parameters at pre-test and post-test, respectively. The results show that young talented swimmers still present biomechanical improvements after a 10-week break, which are mainly explained by their normal growth.  相似文献   

Epidemiology of injuries in First Division Spanish football     

Javier Noya Salces  Pedro M. Gómez-Carmona  Diego Moliner-Urdiales  Manuel Sillero-Quintana 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(13):1263-1270

Abstract

The aim was to examine the injuries sustained by Spanish football players in the First Division and to compare injury-related variables in the context of both competition and training. The injury data were prospectively collected from 16 teams (427 players) using a specific web-based survey during the 2008/2009 season. A total of 1293 injuries were identified (145 were recurring injuries). The overall injury incidence was 5.65 injuries per 1000 h of exposure. Injuries were much more common during competition than during training (43.53 vs. 3.55 injuries per 1000 h of exposure, P < 0.05). Most of the injuries (89.6%) involved the lower extremities, and overuse (65.7%) was the main cause. Muscle and tendon injuries were the most common types of injury (53.8%) among the players. The incidence of training injuries was greater during the pre-season and tended to decrease throughout the season, while the incidence of competition injuries increased throughout the season (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study suggest the need for injury prevention protocols in the First Division of the Spanish Football League to reduce the number of overuse injuries in the muscles and tendons in the lower extremities. In addition, special attention should be paid during the pre-season and the competitive phase II (the last four months of the season) in order to prevent training and competition injuries, respectively.  相似文献   

Difficulties in teaching the concepts of 'amount of substance' and 'mole'     

CarloS. Furió  RafaeL. Azcona  Jenaro Guisasola  Mary Ratcliffe 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1285-1304

In this study the origin and evolution of the meanings of the concepts 'amount of substance' and 'mole' are described. Serious disagreements about these concepts amongst chemistry teachers and the recommendations of the international scientific community are identified. Attention is also drawn to the didactic implications that these epistemological difficulties may have for the teaching of chemistry.  相似文献   

Introduction: The Application of the History and Philosophy of Science in Science Teaching     

Fanny Seroglou  Agustín Adúriz-Bravo 《Science & Education》2012,21(6):767-770

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The effects of inter-letter spacing in visual-word recognition: Evidence with young normal readers and developmental dyslexics     

Manuel Perea  Victoria Panadero  Carmen Moret-Tatay  Pablo Gómez 《Learning and Instruction》2012,22(6):420-430

Recent research has demonstrated that slight increases of inter-letter spacing have a positive impact on skilled readers' recognition of visually presented words. In the present study, we examined whether this effect generalises to young normal readers and readers with developmental dyslexia, and whether increased inter-letter spacing affects the reading times and comprehension of a short text. To that end, we conducted a series of lexical decision and continuous reading experiments in which words were presented with the default settings or with a small increase in inter-letter spacing. Increased spacing produced shorter word identification times not only with adult skilled readers (Experiment 1), but also with young normal readers (Grade 2 and Grade 4 children; Experiment 2) and, even to a larger degree, with readers with dyslexia (Experiments 3 and 4). These experiments suggest that slight increases in inter-letter spacing would improve the readability of texts aimed at children, especially those with dyslexia.  相似文献   

‘Terra incognita’: Lawrence's travel writings     

Mara Kalnins 《Culture, Theory & Critique》2013,54(1):66-77

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¿Qué Culpa Tengo Yo? Performing Identity and College Teaching     

Ana M. Martinez Alemán 《Educational theory》1999,49(1):37-51

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陆地卫星MSS影象目视解译在土地资源调查中局限性的讨论     

路桂珍 《安徽科技学院学报》1991,(2)

简述陆地卫星多光谱扫描(MSS)影象的特点,着重介绍陆地卫星多光谱扫描影象适用于中、小比例尺的土地资源凋查  相似文献   

‘We are more than EFL teachers – we are educators’: emancipating EFL student-teachers through photovoice     

Luis S. Villacañas de Castro 《Educational Action Research》2017,25(4):610-629

The prevailing pedagogical orientations of English as a foreign language (EFL) education in Spain oppress learners intellectually in ways that are counterproductive to their learning. As a reaction to this, 129 EFL student-teachers (STs) took part during the 2013/14, 2014/15, and 2015/16 academic years in a workshop which drew on the methodology of participatory action research and on photovoice as a data-creating strategy, in order to emancipate these STs intellectually, boost their EFL development, and offer an alternative critical model for their future EFL teaching. The research was assessed collectively through a variety of qualitative strategies. Results showed that the photovoice workshop created a rich and meaningful context for EFL learning, one which enabled the STs to fully actualize their intellectual potential by producing knowledge collectively, thereby setting a memorable educational example for their own future teaching.  相似文献   

Self-protection profiles of worth and academic goals in university students     

Ferradás  María del Mar  Freire  Carlos  Núñez  José Carlos 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2017,32(4):669-686

European Journal of Psychology of Education - This work analyzes the possible existence of self-protection profiles based on a combination of self-handicapping (behavioral and claimed) strategies...  相似文献