Perceived health problems in swimmers according to the chemical treatment of water in swimming pools     

Álvaro Fernández-Luna  Pablo Burillo  José Luis Felipe  Julio del Corral  Jorge García-Unanue  Leonor Gallardo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):256-265

The objective of this study was to determine which chemical treatment used for disinfecting water in indoor swimming pools had the least impact on users' perceptions of health problems, and which generated the greatest satisfaction with the quality of the water. A survey on satisfaction and perceived health problems was given to 1001 users at 20 indoor swimming pools which used different water treatment methods [chlorine, bromine, ozone, ultraviolet lamps (UV) and salt electrolysis]. The findings suggest that there is a greater probability of perceived health problems, such as eye and skin irritation, respiratory problems and skin dryness, in swimming pools treated with chlorine than in swimming pools using other chemical treatment methods. Pools treated with bromine have similar, although slightly better, results. Other factors, such as age, gender, time of day of use (morning and afternoon) and type of user (competitive and recreational), can also affect the probability of suffering health problems. For all of the above, using combined treatment methods as ozone and UV, or salt electrolysis produces a lower probability of perceived health problems and greater satisfaction.  相似文献   

Active recovery of the finger flexors enhances intermittent handgrip performance in rock climbers     

Jiří Baláš  David Giles  Jan Kodejška  Michaela Panáčková  Simon Fryer 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):764-772

This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of hand shaking during recovery phases of intermittent testing on the time–force characteristics of performance and muscle oxygenation, and (2) assess inter-individual variability in the time to achieve the target force during intermittent testing in rock climbers. Twenty-two participants undertook three finger flexor endurance tests at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction until failure. Performances of a sustained contraction and two intermittent contractions, each with different recovery strategies, were analysed by time–force parameters and near-infrared spectroscopy. Recovery with shaking of the forearm beside the body led to a significantly greater intermittent test time (↑ 22%, P?P?P?相似文献   

#OscarsSoWhite: how Stuart Hall explains why nothing changes in Hollywood and everything is changing     

Isabel Molina-Guzmán 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(5):438-454

ABSTRACT

Stuart Hall’s work on culture, representation, ideology and hegemony positions Hollywood as a cultural institution informed by and informative of US social values and norms. Thus contemporary debates over Hollywood's diversity are indicative of broader social conflicts. Empirically the article examines 2014–2015 news coverage of Hollywood to question the Hollywood paradox—the lack of diversity in film/TV production yet TV’s increasing shift towards on-screen diversity. It maps three discursive frames: Hollywood exceptionalism, economic imperatives, and institutionalized racism and sexism. The article concludes by using Hulu’s East Los High to reflect on TV’s digital turn and innovative models in production and representation.  相似文献   

Many choices,one destination: multimodal university brand construction in an urban public transportation system     

Gerardo Blanco Ramírez 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(2):186-204

Amidst global competition in higher education, colleges and universities adopt strategies that mimic and adapt business practices. Branding is now a widespread practice in higher education; multimodal advertisement is a manifestation of emerging branding strategies for universities. While the visibility of brands in higher education has grown substantially in recent years, its empirical study has lagged. This article reports on the findings from a study that employed social semiotic and multimodal analysis to explore text and visual rhetoric as brand construction strategies in publicly displayed university advertisements. After analyzing photographs representing advertising campaigns from 16 different universities displayed in an urban public transportation system, I suggest that universities construct their brand identity through messages that emphasize multiple choices and convenience, but construct success primarily according to corporate standards and values.  相似文献   

The presentation of statistical information     

Gloria D. Feliciano  Richard D. Powers  Bryant E. Kearl 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1963,11(3):32-39

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An Integrative Model for the Study of Developmental Competencies in Minority Children   总被引：36，自引：0，他引：36  

Cynthia García Coll  Keith Crnic  Gontran Lamberty  Barbara Hanna Wasik  Renee Jenkins  Heidie Vázquez García  Harriet Pipes McAdoo 《Child development》1996,67(5):1891-1914

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An ornithological pilgrimage to lake Manasarowar and Mount Kailas     

Sálim Ali 《Resonance》1997,2(1):81-94

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Art,Culture and Citizenship in Social Projects in Brazil     

Santo  Denise Espírito 《Prospects》2002,32(4)

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José Pedro Varela     

Marta Demarchi  Hugo Rodríguez 《Prospects》1994,24(3-4):703-718

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To answer questions from text,one has to understand what the question is asking: differential effects of question aids as a function of comprehension skill     

Cerdán  R.  Pérez  A.  Vidal-Abarca  E.  Rouet  J. F. 《Reading and writing》2019,32(8):2111-2124

Reading and Writing - The present study investigates the effectiveness of question paraphrases in supporting students’ understanding of a specific task. Secondary school students (i.e.,...  相似文献