Sex Differences in Spatial Competence: the ability of young children to map ‘primed’ unfamiliar environments     

M.H. Matthews 《教育心理学》1987,7(2):77-90

Abstract This paper reports on a study set up to investigate the effects of gender related differences in home range behaviour on the acquision of spatial and environmental skills amongst a group of children aged 8 to 11. The population was divided to form two groups (A and B) of similar sex composition and environmental experience. The children were informed that the aim of the project was to construct a map of an unfamiliar area which they were to visit. The two groups were ‘primed’ about their task in different ways, with children in Group B undertaking a slightly more complex exercise. The results show that whilst ‘priming’ has the effect of reducing disjunction between the spatial capabilities of boys and girls on simpler tasks, when the exercise is complicated boys do much better than girls in all but one of the spatial assessments. Such evidence lends further support to those who argue that the more extensive movements of boys through the environment leads to superior spatial ability. The educational implications of the results are considered.  相似文献   

Competent Consultation: Developing Self-Efficacy for Process and Problem Aspects of Consultation     

Meaghan C. Guiney  Jamie Zibulsky 《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2017,27(1):52-71

ABSTRACT

Using samples of novice and advanced consultants in training (CITs), this study explored the development of consultation self-efficacy (CSE) for both process-oriented and problem-oriented aspects of consultation. Regardless of experience level, self-efficacy in both domains increased with training. However, significantly greater gains were made by novice CITs as compared to their advanced counterparts. In addition, feedback collected from consultees was generally favorable, and consultants received high ratings on items that reflected both process- and problem-focused skills. Implications for consultation training are discussed.  相似文献   

Parent question use during shared reading time: How does training affect question type and frequency?     

Jamie Zibulsky  Christine Casbar  Tamar Blanchard  Chelsea Morgan 《Psychology in the schools》2019,56(2):206-219

This study was designed to examine whether participation in a shared reading workshop alters the frequency with which parents ask their children questions during book reading sessions, particularly questions designed to strengthen component reading skills that they may not have known about before training. Participants in the reading workshop series (N = 57) were taught strategies for asking questions about story content and word structure to build children's language and literacy skills. Findings suggest that parents may be somewhat familiar with traditional dialogic reading strategies focused on story content and utilize them without instruction, whereas parents may be less knowledgeable about sound or print‐focused skills and do not employ strategies focused on word structure until instructed to do so. It is also notable that parents do not use all story content prompts equally. This information can be used by school psychologists to refine the messages educators share with parents about how to best support their children's reading development.  相似文献   

FrameEx: Classroom Exercise to Demonstrate Analytic Framework Value     

William J. Worthington  Jamie D. Collins  Christopher R. Reutzel 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2011,9(1):129-135

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Hop.Skip.Jump.Games: The effect of “principled” exergameplay on children's locomotor skill acquisition     

Jamie McGann  Johann Issartel  Lucy Hederman  Owen Conlan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(3):798-816

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Does Fidelity of Implementation Account for Changes in Teacher–Child Interactions in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Banking Time?     

Jennifer LoCasale-Crouch  Amanda Williford  Jessica Whittaker  Jamie DeCoster  Pilar Alamos 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2018,11(1):35-55

This study examined fidelity of implementation in a randomized trial of Banking Time, a classroom-based intervention intended to improve children's behavior, specifically for those at risk for developing externalizing behavior problems, through improving the quality of teacher–child interactions. The study sample comes from a randomized controlled trial that took place over three years and included 183 teachers and 470 preschool children recruited across three sites. Results exploring fidelity of implementation indicated that Banking Time practices were present across treatment and nontreatment groups. In addition, the presence of more Positive Banking Time Practices accounted for improvements in teacher–child interactions while Restricted Banking Time Practices showed inconsistent patterns, relating both to positive and negative teacher–child interactions. Further, random assignment to Banking Time resulted in the presence of more Positive Banking Time Practices and fewer Restricted Banking Time Practices, which accounted for the improved teacher–child interactions. Thus, findings point to the critical need to better account for intervention fidelity across conditions in randomized trials, allowing for better understanding of the mechanism through which interventions lead to intended outcomes.  相似文献   

Intentionality as measured in the persistence and elaboration of communication by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)     

Leavens DA  Russell JL  Hopkins WD 《Child development》2005,76(1):291-306

In human infancy, 2 criteria for intentional communication are (a) persistence in and (b) elaboration of communication when initial attempts to communicate fail. Twenty-nine chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) were presented with both desirable (a banana) and undesirable food (commercial primate chow). Three conditions were administered: (a) the banana was delivered (successful communication), (b) half of the banana was delivered (partially successful communication), and (c) the chow was delivered (failed communication). The chimpanzees exhibited persistence in and elaboration of their communication in every condition except when the banana was delivered. Thus, their communication was about a specific item, demonstrating that both intentionality and nonverbal reference are capacities shared by humans with our nearest living relatives, the great apes.  相似文献   

Spoken vocabulary growth: Its role in the development of phoneme awareness and early reading ability     

Walley  Amanda C.  Metsala  Jamie L.  Garlock  Victoria M. 《Reading and writing》2003,16(1-2):5-20

In this paper, two theoretical positionsregarding the developmental origins of thephoneme as a unit for lexical representationand processing are outlined – theaccessibility and emergent positions. OurLexical Restructuring Model (Metsala & Walley1998), which is consistent with the secondposition, focuses on the role of vocabularygrowth in prompting the implementation of morefine-grained, segmental representations forlexical items in childhood; this restructuringis viewed as an important precursor to theexplicit segmentation or phoneme awarenessskills implicated in early reading success.Empirical evidence that supports this model issummarized, including preliminary results fromone of our most recent studies. Severalsuggestions are made for future research thatwill lead to a better understanding of thedevelopment of spoken word recognition and thelinks between speech- and reading-relatedabilities.  相似文献   

Attachment,Communication, and Relationship Functioning Among College Student Veterans and Nonveterans     

Shelley A. Riggs  Kellye S. Carver  Daniel Romero  Sandra B. Morissette  Jamie Wilson  Robyn Campbell  James McGuffin 《Journal of College Counseling》2019,22(2):110-124

This study examined attachment processes of college student veterans and nonveterans and further examined how veteran status and attachment style directly and indirectly predict relationship functioning. Results indicated that student veterans were more often dismissing in their attachment style but less often preoccupied than nonveteran students. Veteran status moderated the association between attachment style and dyadic consensus. The contributions of attachment and communication processes to overall relationship adjustment differed for student veterans and nonveterans.  相似文献   

Reconceptualizing the nature of science for science education     

Michael R. Matthews 《Studies in Science Education》2017,53(1):105-107

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