A comparison of sentence-learning errors in children of different achievement levels     

Joel R. Levin  Elizabeth S. Ghatala  Bruce G. Bender 《Contemporary educational psychology》1978,3(4):358-366

Theoretical analyses of the multiple-choice test format suggest that a test constructor should give serious consideration to the form in which correct and incorrect alternatives are presented. In this experiment, third and fourth graders were tested for previously exposed information by multiple-choice items in which: (a) correct alternatives were stated in either verbatim or synonym form; and (b) incorrect alternatives consisted of plausible responses that were either familiar or new. Comparisons of errors and error patterns were made between high and low achieving students who had been given one of two different information-processing strategies. Based on a dual test function argument, it was concluded that synonym correct alternatives combined with plausible new responses are the most desirable of the four multiple-choice variations studied here. In particular, such items were sensitive to achievement level and strategy differences without systematically increasing students' likelihood of retaining misinformation.  相似文献   

In the field with two rural primary school head teachers in England     

Carl Bagley  Sam Hillyard 《Journal of educational administration and history》2019,51(3):273-289

ABSTRACT

The research focuses on the complexities associated with contemporary rural primary school leadership. The paper draws on in-depth ethnographic research undertaken in two contrasting English rural primary schools and their surrounding community over a period of three years and in particular the experiences and perspectives of the two head teachers from these schools. The paper is conceptually informed by the work of Bourdieu [1984. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul] and his work around field, habitus and capital as a means of understanding practice. The paper contends that as the neo-liberal economic field increasingly contaminates the field of schooling so a contextual understanding of the complex and shifting social space which a head teacher occupies, including their habitus and the capital they deploy, is of central importance to understanding practice.  相似文献   

Supporting Transgender College Students: Implications for Clinical Intervention and Campus Prevention     

Martin A. Swanbrow Becker  Stacey F. Nemeth Roberts  Sam M. Ritts  William Tyler Branagan  Alia R. Warner  Sheri L. Clark 《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2017,31(2):155-176

This study examines the experiences of transgender college students in coping with stress in comparison to their cisgender peers. Undergraduate and graduate students from 73 colleges, totaling 26,292 participants, of which 47 identified as transgender completed an online survey. Transgender students reported greater exposure to trauma and higher rates of suicidal experiences, as well as different precipitants to reported stressful periods and sources of support than their cisgender peers. Implications for individual and group counseling as well as outreach and prevention to better support transgender students are explored.  相似文献   

How science really works: the student experience of research-led education     

Lillian Smyth  Federico Davila  Thomas Sloan  Ellen Rykers  Sam Backwell  Stephen B. Jones 《Higher Education》2016,72(2):191-207

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Peer perceptions of students receiving pull-out services in elementary school: A multi-age study     

Katherine K. Rose  Denaye Barahona  Joel Muro 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2017,21(4):376-388

This study examined the peer nominations of 213 children in Kindergarten (90), 3rd grade (58), and 5th grade (65) to examine their perceptions of peers who received pull-out services for unique needs. Using Coie, Dodge, and Coppotelli’s[1982. “Dimensions and Types of Social Status: A Cross-age Perspective.” Developmental Psychology 18 (4): 557–570] protocol for assessing sociometric status in children, the results revealed that peer perceptions of most liked (ML) and least liked (LL) in the classroom were associated with pull-out status, with those students who did not receive pull-out services receiving more nominations as ML than their peers who did leave the classroom for pull-out services. Social impact scores for children who received pull-out services were not significantly different from those of children who did not receive pull-out services, but significant differences were revealed for social preference scores. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Childcare Food Handling Employees’ Perceived Barriers and Motivators to Follow Food Safety Practices     

Joel Reynolds  Lakshman Rajagopal 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2018,46(5):477-485

Each year millions of children are enrolled in center-based childcare. Childcare employees are tasked with handling over half the children’s weekly meals. Proper food handling practices are crucial in mitigating this high-risk population’s risk of foodborne illness. The purpose of this study was to identify childcare food handling employees’ (n?=?278) perceived barriers and motivators to follow recommended food safety practices. Six important barriers and 14 key motivators to following recommended food safety practices were identified. Important barriers pertained to time restraints, workloads, and lack of understanding of the importance of following proper food safety practices. Key motivators were focused on children’s safety, available supplies, communication, and food safety training/information. Employee and facility characteristics were shown to influence perceived importance of barriers and motivators to following food safety practices. Childcare directors should review scheduling and job duties of employees as the majority of identified barriers focused on “work pace” and “time restraints.” Directors should also attempt to increase food safety communication through practical situational training, written food safety policies, and use of food safety signage to increase understanding of the importance of proper food safety practices. Ensuring proper supplies are available is necessary.  相似文献   

Predictors of academic success in medical school     

G. Lindsey Davis  Donna M. Mertens  Lawrence D. Patterson  Roger O. Lambson  Sam Brown 《Research in higher education》1976,4(3):209-217

This study was designed to determine the predictive validity of selected admissions variables used by the University of Kentucky College of Medicine. Data for the study were collected from 586 students admitted to the M.D. program from 1961 to 1968. These students were categorized into one of three groups (Successful [SUCC], Successful with Extended Study [SWES], and Lost to Medicine [LTM]) based upon their performance in medical school. A two-way analysis of variance and the use of a post hoc Scheffé method of multiple comparisons indicated significant differences between the SUCC group and the combined SWES and LTM groups. Therefore, the data revealed the predictive ability of two admissions variables and suggested the need for additional research into the subjective variables used in the admissions process.  相似文献   

Differential supervision and cognitive structure effects on empathy and counseling effectiveness     

Maria Malikiosi-Loizos  W. O. Mehnert  G. G. Work  Joel Gold 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1981,4(2):119-129

The present study investigated the effects of didactic and experiential supervision procedures on the judged counseling effectiveness of high and low cognitive complexity counselor trainees. Subjects in the two supervision groups (N=16) were trained in attending, questioning, and reflection of feeling over three sessions. Training consisted of exposure to videotaped counseling models, discussion of the model's behavior with the supervisor, videotaped role playing of therapy, and discussion of the therapy with the supervisor. Training was exactly the same for both groups except for supervision. A control group (N=8) did not receive any training. All subjects, including controls, were pre- and post-tested for counseling effectiveness as measured by judged tape ratings on the 25-item Counselor Effectiveness Scale and four scales designed to assess affective, exploratory, listening, and honest labeling responses.High complex subjects responsed more favorably to the didactic supervision significantly outperforming both the high complex controls and the low complex didactic subjects on four of the five dependent measures, whereas high and low complex subjects did not respond differentially to the experiential supervision. The results were discussed in terms of fitting the complexity of the students to the supervision approach in selecting students for counseling programs.This paper was presented at the International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 1980, and was based partly on the senior author's doctoral disser tation (University of Maine, 1978).  相似文献   

Step It Up and Go     

Sam Ainsley 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》1999,18(1):23-26

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论教育全球化     

乔尔·斯普林  赵琳  叶富贵 《清华大学教育研究》2010,(6)

教育全球化是指世界范围内的理念、发展进程和机构影响当地教育的政策与实践。在教育全球化过程中,国际组织、跨国教育公司以及新信息交流技术发挥重要的推动作用。目前,人力资本理论和消费主义是主导全球的教育理念。这导致了教育的首要目标是促进经济发展;教育思想的讨论大都指向了人力资本开发、为提高工作技能而进行终身学习以及经济发展;全球教育商业、营利性教育机构、全球教育测评项目、影子教育产业得以迅猛发展。作者认为,不应把对经济增长和收入增长的贡献度作为学校的评估标准,而应将学校对社会发展的贡献程度作为评估学校的标准,重点考察学校对人类幸福和永恒生活作出哪些贡献。

Abstract：

Globalization of education refers to the worldwide discussions,processes,and institutions affecting local educational practices and policies.There are international organizations that directly and indirectly influence national school systems.There are multinational education corporations and schools.Government and professionals engage in global discussions about school policies.Today,the dominant educational ideology is human capital economics and consumerism.Human capital economics defines the primary goal of education to be economic growth.Educational discourses around the world often refer to human capital,lifelong learning for improving job skills,and economic development.Consequently,there is a burgeoning global market for global education business,for-profit education,global testing services,as well as shadow education.The author proposes that school policies should be evaluated on their contribution to the social conditions that provide the conditions for human happiness and longevity rather than being judged by their contribution to economic growth and income.  相似文献