Optimal design for manipulation of random consensus over discrete information in networked systems     

Sidney Roberto Carvalho  Ubirajara Franco Moreno 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2021,358(9):5039-5072

In distributed and cooperative systems, the network structure is determinant to the success of the strategy adopted to solve complex tasks. Those systems are primarily governed by consensus protocols whose convergence is intrinsically dependent on the network topology. Most of the consensus algorithms deal with continuous values and perform average-based strategies to reach cohesion over the exchanged information. However, many problems demand distributed consensus over countable values, that cannot be handled by traditional protocols. In such a context, this work presents an approach based on semidefinite programming to design the optimal weights of a network adjacency matrix, in order to control the convergence of a distributed random consensus protocol for variables at the discrete-space domain, based on the voter model. As a second contribution, this work uses Markov theory and the biological inspiration of epidemics to find out a dynamical spreading model that can predict the information diffusion over this discrete consensus protocol. Also, convergence properties and equilibrium points of the proposed model are presented regarding the network topology. Finally, extensive numerical simulations evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus algorithm, its spreading model, and the approach for optimal weight design.  相似文献   

Two-parameter characterization of low cycle, hysteretic fatigue data     

Sheng Bao  Wei-liang Jin  Sidney A. Guralnick  Thomas Erber 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(6):449-454

The aim of this research is to characterize the development of fatigue damage by means of stress-strain hysteresis. Experiments were conducted on 14 specimens made of cold-finished unannealed AISI 1018 steel. Results demonstrate that the mechanical hysteresis loop areas, when plotted as a function of the number of loading cycles, show significant variations and demonstrate the three principal stages concerning the progress of the fatigue failure--initial accommodation, accretion of damage and terminal failure. These three stages of fatigue are marked by the transitions at cycles N2 and N3. Experimental results show that although fatigue life Nf ranges from 2644 cycles to 108 992 cycles, the ratios of N2/Nf and N3/Nf tend to be stable： N2/Nf=I 0.7%, N3/Nf=91.3%.  相似文献   

Jewish Identity In A Changing World An Historical Survey     

Sidney B. Hoenig 《Journal of Jewish Education》2013,79(4):39-48

What are the basic variables that one ought to consider when attempting to describe possible trends in supplementary Jewish education in the United States during the next decade? They should include the following: Birth rate in Jewish families which are but marginally associated with various Jewish causes; the interest of these families in Jewish life and religion; identification with Israel and Israel-related causes; general climate for Jewish education in the communities in which these families reside; rate of growth in tuition requirements for day school enrollment; and comparative educational achievement in day schools and supplementary schools.  相似文献   

Concentrated Poverty and Urban School Reform: “The Choice is Yours” in Minneapolis     

Neil Kraus 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(2):262-274

The subject of urban schools has received extensive scholarly and popular attention in recent years, and a wide variety of policies to address the problem of low educational achievement has been suggested. This article, based on an analysis of documents and reports, in-depth interviews, and a variety of secondary sources, examines the first several years of the implementation of a 2000 legal settlement between the Minneapolis Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the State of Minnesota regarding the Minneapolis schools. Influenced by the Sheff v. O'Neill (1996) case in Hartford, Connecticut, the Minneapolis NAACP's lawsuit challenged the State's oversight of the Minneapolis schools under the Minnesota Constitution. The settlement created two new programs intended to provide low-income Minneapolis students more options in selecting schools. This article focuses on the more wide-ranging of these two programs, which buses up to 2,000 low-income urban students annually to suburban Minneapolis schools at State expense. The creation of the suburban transfer program represents a legal and political victory for the NAACP and its supporters. Yet the transfer program highlights the many obstacles faced by low-income students and reinforces the necessity for a multi-dimensional approach to high-poverty urban schools.  相似文献   

Preface     

Richard S. Johnson  Dennis P. Jones  Wayne R. Kirschling  G. Ben Lawrence  Sidney S. Micek  Allan L. Service  James R. Topping  Robert A. Wallhaus 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1977,6(4):ii-iii

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Towards an expanded cognitive developmental science understanding of human teaching / Hacia un conocimiento ampliado de la enseñanza humana basada en la ciencia del desarrollo cognitivo     

Sidney Strauss 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2018,41(3):447-490

Teaching is one of nature’s remarkable inventions. Despite over two millennia of academic discussion about teaching, it remains in need of a broad scientific footing. The cognitive and developmental sciences, writ large, are candidates for such a footing. The purpose of this article is to go beyond teaching as knowledge transmission and present an expanded cognitive developmental account of teaching’s remarkable complexity. A minimalist and maximalist approach for describing teaching are presented, with a preference offered for the latter. It can serve as a map for backward engineering so as to get to the origins and developmental trajectories of the map of teaching’s components. An expanded mind-to-mind coupling version of the complexity of normative adult teaching is presented which includes stage-setting with emotion-, motivation- and mind-reading, organizing teaching sessions, scaffolding, detecting knowledge gaps and intervening by knowledge transmission strategies intended to reduce the gaps. In a backward engineering move, research is presented on infants’ abilities for some of what is presented for adults. Teaching is also prosocial, with heart-to-heart coupling. It is inextricably intertwined with teaching, and is another part of teaching’s complexity. Teaching’s prosociality is analysed via the economic concept of non-rivalry. It is shown that teaching is a form of helping behaviour but is not altruistic. Directions for further work in this maximalist approach to the scientific study of teaching are presented.  相似文献   

The origins of Penrose diagrams in Physics,Art, and the Psychology of perception, 1958–62     

Aaron Sidney Wright 《Endeavour》2013

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Cleaning Dirty Data in Excel     

Neville Hunt  Sidney Tyrrell 《Teaching Statistics》2002,24(3):90-92

This article gives a flavour of the CHIME materials on data handling in Microsoft Excel. It demonstrates the facilities for data validation within Excel.  相似文献   

Back to Basics?     

Sidney Tyrrell 《Teaching Statistics》1994,16(2):56-59

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Developing medical students as teachers: An anatomy‐based student‐as‐teacher program with emphasis on core teaching competencies     

Erie Andrew Jay  Sidney J. Starkman  Wojciech Pawlina  Nirusha Lachman 《Anatomical sciences education》2013,6(6):385-392

Teaching is an increasingly recognized responsibility of the resident physician. Residents, however, often assume teaching responsibilities without adequate preparation. Consequently, many medical schools have implemented student‐as‐teacher (SAT) programs that provide near‐peer teaching opportunities to senior medical students. Near‐peer teaching is widely regarded as an effective teaching modality; however, whether near‐peer teaching experiences in medical school prepare students for the teaching demands of residency is less understood. We explored whether the anatomy‐based SAT program through the Human Structure didactic block at Mayo Medical School addressed the core teaching competencies of a medical educator and prepared its participants for further teaching roles in their medical careers. A web‐based survey was sent to all teaching assistants in the anatomy‐based SAT program over the past five years (2007–2011). Survey questions were constructed based on previously published competencies in seven teaching domains – course development, course organization, teaching execution, student coaching, student assessment, teacher evaluation, and scholarship. Results of the survey indicate that participants in the anatomy‐based SAT program achieved core competencies of a medical educator and felt prepared for the teaching demands of residency. Anat Sci Educ 6: 385–392. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献