Parental reactions to children's negative emotions: longitudinal relations to quality of children's social functioning   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Eisenberg N  Fabes RA  Shepard SA  Guthrie IK  Murphy BC  Reiser M 《Child development》1999,70(2):513-534

Relations between self-reported parental reactions to children's negative emotions (PNRs) and children's socially appropriate/problem behavior and negative emotionality were examined longitudinally. Evidence was consistent with the conclusion that relations between children's externalizing (but not internalizing) emotion and parental punitive reactions to children's negative emotions are bidirectional. Reports of PNRs generally were correlated with low quality of social functioning. In structural models, mother-reported problem behavior at ages 10-12 was at least marginally predicted from mother-reported problem behavior, children's regulation, and parental punitive or distress reactions. Moreover, parental distress and punitive reactions at ages 6-8 predicted reports of children's regulation at ages 8-10, and regulation predicted parental punitive reactions at ages 10-12. Father reports of problem behavior at ages 10-12 were predicted by earlier problem behavior and parental distress or punitive reactions; some of the relations between regulation and parental reactions were similar to those in the models for mother-reported problem behavior. Parental perceptions of their reactions were substantially correlated over 6 years. Some nonsupportive reactions declined in the early to mid-school years, but all increased into late childhood/early adolescence.  相似文献   

On the Nature and Role of English in Asia     

Z.N. Patil 《通化师范学院学报》2007,(10):40-44

The present paper is divided into eight sections:introduction,the global diffusion of English,perceptions of the new varieties,the issue of intelligibility,features that cause unintelligibility,need for a broader pragmatics,and pedagogical impli- cations,and conclusion,followed by the references.Not surprisingly,the global spread of English has generated varying perspec- tives on the nature and functions of its acculturated varieties.Broadly speaking,the debate has divided scholars into two camps holding diametrically opposing views on the multiple versions of English.On the one hand,some scholars view variations as symp- toms of linguistic degeneration and deterioration;on the other hand,some scholars legitimize them as inevitable manifestations ne- cessitated by the demands of the new cultural contexts.The normative view of the former camp stems,at least partly,from the problems the new forms of English pose in terms of international intelligibility.It is in this context that the paper examines the traditional,one-sided,native speaker-centred idea of intelligibility and the recent two-sided view of intelligibility that places the onus on both the native speaker and the non-native speaker.The argument of the latter camp is based on the premise that the new varieties require a broader pragmatic framework,because universal pragmatics is inadequate to describe them satisfactorily. Thus,the camp advocates a need for a language specific pragmatics,and a comparative pragmatics,in addition to the traditional universal pragmatics.Logically,the debate on phonological,lexical,grammatical,and discourse structure variations,and their le- gitimacy has prompted English language teaching specialists to have a fresh look at the goals and objectives of teaching English in the countries of the outer and expanding circles,and accordingly prioritize the teaching of national and regional varieties over that of the so-called native varieties.Thus,the paradigms of independence and centrality of the new varieties are replacing the paradigms of their dependence and marginality.  相似文献   

Creative ability over a five-year span   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N Kogan  E Pankove 《Child development》1972,43(2):427-442

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Log-Linear Analysis: An Introduction for Researchers in Counseling     

MICHAEL N. MILONE  STEPHEN WOLK 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1980,19(3):162-172

This article serves as an introduction to log-linear analysis, a technique used in the analysis of qualitative data arranged in multidimensional contingency tables. The steps involved in log-linear analysis are presented in the context of an investigation of a personality characteristic of a group of counselor trainees. The references cited and supplemental readings allow interested readers to pursue the topic further.  相似文献   

How to encourage a lifelong learner? The complex relation between learning strategies and assessment in a medical curriculum     

Tamara van Woezik  Jur Koksma  Rob Reuzel  Debbie Jaarsma  Gert Jan van der Wilt 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2020,45(4):513-526

Abstract

To foster lifelong learning skills, we need new didactic approaches with aligned assessment methods. Therefore, we investigated whether the outcomes of a project assignment show a different relation to learning strategies than a longitudinal knowledge-based assessment. We studied learning strategies of first year students of medicine and biomedical sciences (n?=?248) and performed hierarchical regression analyses for the learning strategies and grades of the longitudinal knowledge-based test and project assignment. Scores of students, measured with the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Likert scale 1–7), were relatively low for critical thinking (3.53), compared to rehearsal (4.40), elaboration (4.82), organisation (4.69) and metacognitive self-regulation (4.33). Knowledge based tests showed a significant relation to elaboration (p?<?0.01). For the project-based assessment, we did not find a significant relation to any learning strategy (p?=?0.074). Explained variance of the grades was low for all learning strategies (R² < 0.043). Different types of assessment did not discriminate between students with high or low scores on learning strategies associated with lifelong learning. An explanation is that the curriculum is not aligned with assessment, or students do not benefit in terms of grades. We conclude that, if assessment is to drive lifelong learning skills, this is not self-evident.  相似文献   

Resilience in higher education students: a scoping review     

Margo. L. Brewer  Gisela van Kessel  Brooke Sanderson  Fiona Naumann  Murray Lane  Alan Reubenson 《高等教育研究与发展》2019,38(6):1105-1120

ABSTRACT

The health, wellbeing and employability of university students are key considerations within higher education. In response, interest in student resilience is on the rise. Reviews of contemporary resilience literature highlight both conceptual and methodological weaknesses, issues which hamper attempts to design effective resilience interventions. To inform the design of a student resilience program, to be piloted at three Australian universities, a scoping review of resilience specific to the higher education context was undertaken. Searches of three electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest) were conducted. Seventy-two peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2017 were included in the review. While the review reaffirms the conceptual and methodological issues found in previous resilience research, it provides a useful critique of key issues in relation to university student resilience and interventions to enhance students’ resilience. Recommendations for educators and researchers are provided.  相似文献   

Method evaluation of an enzymatic method for serum creatinine     

K. S. S. Saibaba  P. V. L. N. Srinivasa Rao  K. V. Dakshina Murty  M. Vijaya Bhaskar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1997,12(2):139-141

Selecting the correct method for routine analysis by ‘method evaluation’ is an important component of quality assurance. It is a step-wise procedure that evaluates various analytical parameters like accuracy, precision etc of the given method. Finally reference intervals are established for selected population. We evaluated an enzymatic method for serum creatinine. The results show that it is an acceptable method based on the above mentioned criteria.  相似文献   

Circulating peptide and steroid hormone levels in patients with breast cancer     

Lakshmi Krishnamoorthy  Elizabeth Zachariah  P. G. Ramaswamy  N. Anantha 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1994,9(1):37-39

Circulating levels of gonadotropins (FSH,LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay in the sera of 60 patients with histopathologically proven breast cancer. 30 patients belonged to the post and 30 to the premenopausal group. 30 healthy women, 15 each in the pre and post menopausal groups served as controls for the study. Prolactin was elevated in 33% and 26% of pre and post menopausal breast cancer patients respectively. Lower levels of estradiol and progesterone were observed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Among postmenopausal patients with breast cancer, LH was elevated in 32%, FSH in 15% and estradiol in 30% of the patients studied.  相似文献   

Clinical usefulness of alterations in sialic acid,sialyl transferase and sialoproteins in breast cancer     

G. N. Raval  L. J. Parekh  D. D. Patel  F. P. Jha  R. N. Sainger  P. S. Patel 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):60-71

Sialic acid, the end moieties of the carbohydrate chains are biologically important and essential for functions of glycoconjugates and are reported to be altered in cancer patients. Two hundred and twenty five breast cancer (BC) patients, 100 patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and 100 healthy females (controls) were enrolled for the study. Eight hundred and twenty four follow-up samples of 225 breast carcinoma patients were also evaluated. The association of sialic acid forms, sialyltransferase and α-2–6 sialoproteins levels with presence and extent as well as prognosis of breast carcinoma was studied. Serum sialic acid forms and sialyltransferase revealed significantly elevated levels among untreated breast cancer patients as compared to the controls, patients with BBD as well as cancer patients in remission. Non-responders showed comparable levels of the markers with those found in breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. Higher levels of sialic acid forms at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis. A positive correlation between serum levels of different forms of sialic acids and extent of malignant disease was observed. The changes in serum proteins with terminal α-2–6 sialic acid correlated well with alterations in the levels of sialic acid forms and sialyltransferase. Malignant tissues showed elevated levels of sialic acid and sialyltransferase as compared to surrounding normal tissues. The results suggested potential utility of these markers in evaluation of clinical outcome.  相似文献   

Effect of diabetic serum factor on polymorphonuclear leucocyte membrane hydrophobicity and particle internalisation     

S. Biswas  A. Bhelwa  A. Itoop  S. Biswal  N. Nath 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1994,9(1):9-12

Membrane hydrophobicity and slalidase activity of normal Poly morphonuclear Leucocyte were significantly enhanced when incubated with DSF. As a consequence, internalisation ofE. coli andS. aureus (opsonised or unopsonised) were greatly dimnished, internalisation ofE. coli being higher in either category. Although, increase in hydrophobicity of the membrane correlated well with the time of decrease of particle internalisation (both at 30 min.), enhancement of sialidase activity did not coincide with the said alterations.  相似文献