The role of planning in outdoor adventure decision-making     

Mike Boyes  Tom Potter  Soren Andkjaer  Martin Lindner 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(4):343-357

ABSTRACT

This article explores the influential role of planning on recognition-primed decision-making. Considerable prior thinking occurs and there is a need to trace and account for the cognitive processes that precede and guide decisions in dynamic outdoor environments. Seven expert leaders from four countries were interviewed about memorable decisions made on outdoor journeys with an educational focus on land, sea and ice. Four stages of planning were identified: (1) long-term preparation; (2) formal leadership meetings; (3) day-by-day planning on route and (4) thinking immediately prior to the event. The stages sequentially capture the planning progression, illuminating the cognitive processes at each stage to culminate in option selection. In each decision situation, planned goals and actions were implemented through the creation and re-creation of micro-plans. As windows of opportunity presented themselves, the flexible execution of plans was a key feature. Planning provided the solid bedrock upon which decisions were made.  相似文献   

Estimation of Controlled Direct Effects in the Presence of Exposure-Induced Confounding and Latent Variables     

Tom Loeys  Beatrijs Moerkerke  An Raes  Yves Rosseel  Stijn Vansteelandt 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(3):396-407

Estimation of the direct effect of an exposure on an outcome requires adjustment for confounders of the exposure–outcome and mediator–outcome relationships. When some of the latter confounders have been affected by the exposure, then standard regression adjustment is prone to possibly severe bias. The use of inverse probability weighting under so-called marginal structural models has recently been suggested as a solution in the psychological literature. In this article, we show how progress can alternatively be made via G-estimation. We show that this estimation method can be easily embedded within the structural equation modeling framework and could in particular be used for estimating direct effects in the presence of latent variables. Moreover, by avoiding inverse probability weighting, it accommodates the typical problem of unstable weights in the alternative estimation approaches based on marginal structural models. We illustrate the approach both by simulations and by the analysis of a longitudinal study in individiduals who ended a romantic relationship. In this example we explore whether the effect of attachment anxiety during the relationship on mental distress 2 years after the breakup is mediated by rumination or not.  相似文献   

Explaining Method Effects Associated With Negatively Worded Items in Trait and State Global and Domain-Specific Self-Esteem Scales     

José M. Tomás  Amparo Oliver  Laura Galiana  Patricia Sancho  Marisol Lila 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(2):299-313

Several investigators have interpreted method effects associated with negatively worded items in a substantive way. This research extends those studies in different ways: (a) it establishes the presence of methods effects in further populations and particular scales, and (b) it examines the possible relations between a method factor associated with negatively worded items and several covariates. Two samples were assessed: 592 high school students from Valencia (Spain), and 285 batterers from the same city. The self-esteem scales used were Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, the State Self-Esteem Scale, and Self-Esteem 17. Anxiety was also assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and gender and educational level were taken into account. The models were conducted using a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model framework. The evidence in this research pointed out that method effects were present across the different measures of self-esteem. Moreover, a significant and negative effect of anxiety on method effects was present across scales and samples, whereas no effects of age or educational level where found.  相似文献   

Strategies for mentoring pedagogical knowledge     

Peter Hudson 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(4):363-381

Fundamental for mentoring a preservice teacher is the mentor’s articulation of pedagogical knowledge, which in this research draws upon specific practices, viz.: planning, timetabling lessons, preparation, teaching strategies, content knowledge, problem solving, questioning, classroom management, implementation, assessment and viewpoints for teaching. Mentoring is haphazard; consequently, mentors need a pedagogical knowledge framework and a repertoire of pedagogical knowledge strategies to guide a preservice teacher’s development. Yet, what are strategies for mentoring pedagogical knowledge practices? This qualitative research investigates mentoring strategies assigned to pedagogical knowledge from 27 experienced mentor teachers. Findings showed that there were multiple strategies that can be linked to specific pedagogical knowledge practices. For example, mentoring strategies associated with planning for teaching can include co-planning, verbally reflecting on planning with the mentee and showing examples of the mentor teacher’s planning (e.g. teacher’s plans, school plans, district and state plans). This article provides a bank of practical strategies for mentoring pedagogical knowledge practices to assist a preservice teacher’s development.  相似文献   

保护好孩子的梦想     

Hayley Hudson 《考试》2013,(1):6-8

美国马萨诸塞州小男孩詹姆斯做梦都想拥有一套乐高"绿宝石午夜火车"玩具。他用了整整两年时间攒够了钱款,却失望地发现这款玩具已经停卖了,而无论是网上的少量存货还是二手转卖,它们的标价对詹姆斯来说都是天文数字。于是小男孩给乐高玩具写了一封信询问,却得知这款玩具已经停产。让人内心温暖的是,在詹姆斯11岁生日时,他收到了乐高悄悄寄来了这份惊喜。你一定想分享詹姆斯的快乐,小男孩脸上欢呼雀跃的表情,是不是也让你感动呢?这让我不禁联想起同样让人内心温暖的一个小女孩。当得知妈妈吃光了她的万圣节糖果时,小女孩红着眼眶,挤出笑容安慰妈妈说:妈妈我不生你的气,我只是有点伤心……吃那么多糖果会让你头痛,你应该多喝水……下一个万圣节我就不会伤心了,但你不能没有跟我商量就吃掉我的糖果,明年我们一起分享好吗?其实这只是父母们的一个万圣节恶作剧,还有很多小朋友也得到了同样的"噩耗",孩子们天真的各种抓狂让人捧腹,还有小女孩的"next Halloween we can share my candy"让人感动。我相信小女孩长大后,她如果听说有个小朋友特别渴望得到心中的"乐高",她也一定会帮助实现。瞧,正能量就是这样传播和积聚的。  相似文献   

俄罗斯方块的心理效应     

Tom Stafford 《英语沙龙》2013,(1):16-17

Shapes fall from the sky,all you have to do is to control how they fall and fit within each other.A simple premise,but added with an annoyingly addictive electronica (电子音乐) soundtrack (based on a Russian folk tune) and you have a revolution in entertainment. Fascinating Tetris 令人着迷的俄罗斯方块 Since Tetris was launched on the world in 1986,millions of hours have been lost through playing this simple game.Since then,we've seen games consoles(便携型游戏机)grow in power,andwith it the appearance of everything from Call of Duty(游戏名,"使命的召唤")to World of Warcraft(游戏名,"魔兽世界").Yet block and puzzle games like Tetris still have a special place in our hearts.Why are they so compelling?  相似文献   

Self-replicating digital data storage with synthetic chromosomes     

Xinyu Lu  Tom Ellis 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(7)

  相似文献   

Evaluating co-operative schools: values,democracy and leadership     

Tom Woodin 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2019,23(11):1095-1102

  相似文献   

Adaptation and evaluation of a learning analytics dashboard to improve academic support at three Latin American universities     

Julio Guerra  Margarita Ortiz-Rojas  Miguel Angel Zúñiga-Prieto  Eliana Scheihing  Alberto Jiménez  Tom Broos  Tinne De Laet  Katrien Verbert 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(4):973-1001

Despite the success of academic advising dashboards in several higher educational institutions (HEI), these dashboards are still under-explored in Latin American HEI's. To close this gap, three different Latin American universities adapted an existing advising dashboard, originally deployed at the KU Leuven to their own context. In all three cases, the context was the main ruling factor to these adaptations. In this paper, we describe these adaptions using a framework that focuses on four different elements of the context: Objectives, Stakeholders, Key moment and Interactions. Evaluation of the adapted dashboards in the three different Latin American universities is conducted through pilots. This evaluation shows the value of the dashboard approach in different contexts in terms of satisfaction, usefulness and impact in academic decision-making and advising tasks. The main contribution of this paper is the systematic reporting of the adaptations to an academic advising dashboard and showing the value of an academic advising dashboard on academic decision-making and advising tasks.  相似文献   

Christianity as public religion: a justification for using a Christian sociological approach for studying the social scientific aspects of sport     

Tom Gibbons  Nick J. Watson  Mark Mierzwinski 《Sport in Society》2019,22(2):209-223

Abstract

The vast majority of social scientific studies of sport have been secular in nature and/or have tended to ignore the importance of studying the religious aspects of sport. In light of this, a recent study has sought to encourage sociologists of sport not to divorce the ‘religious’ and the ‘sacred’ from their studies. In response to this call, the goal of the current essay is to explore how the conception of Christianity as ‘public religion’ can be utilized to help justify the use of a Christian sociological approach for studying the social scientific aspects of sport. After making a case for Christianity as public religion, we conclude that many of the sociological issues inherent in modern sport are an indirect result of its increasing secularization and argue that this justifies the need for a Christian sociological approach. We encourage researchers to use the Bible, the tools of Christian theology and sociological concepts together, so to inform analyses of modern sport from a Christian perspective.  相似文献