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全面提高大学生整体素质的对策研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
采用教学实验、统计分析、问卷调查、归纳综合、理论研究等方法 ,探索和验证全面提高大学生整体素质的科学对策和有关问题 ;提出了加强高校体育教育学科建设 ,强化基础设施建设 ,深化体育教学改革 ,营造校园体育文化氛围等是全面提高大学生整体素质的有效途径的构想。 相似文献
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Vítor P. Lopes David F. Stodden Luis P. Rodrigues 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(6):589-602
Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Yassine Negra Tony D. Myers Senda Sammoud Helmi Chaabene 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(7):787-794
ABSTRACTThis study identified key somatic and demographic characteristics that benefit all swimmers and, at the same time, identified further characteristics that benefit only specific swimming strokes. Three hundred sixty-three competitive-level swimmers (male [n = 202]; female [n = 161]) participated in the study. We adopted a multiplicative, allometric regression model to identify the key characteristics associated with 100 m swimming speeds (controlling for age). The model was refined using backward elimination. Characteristics that benefited some but not all strokes were identified by introducing stroke-by-predictor variable interactions. The regression analysis revealed 7 “common” characteristics that benefited all swimmers suggesting that all swimmers benefit from having less body fat, broad shoulders and hips, a greater arm span (but shorter lower arms) and greater forearm girths with smaller relaxed arm girths. The 4 stroke-specific characteristics reveal that backstroke swimmers benefit from longer backs, a finding that can be likened to boats with longer hulls also travel faster through the water. Other stroke-by-predictor variable interactions (taken together) identified that butterfly swimmers are characterized by greater muscularity in the lower legs. These results highlight the importance of considering somatic and demographic characteristics of young swimmers for talent identification purposes (i.e., to ensure that swimmers realize their most appropriate strokes). 相似文献
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随着社会的发展,生活方式的改变,青少年体质健康状况的改善需要家庭、学校、社会三者的有效结合,因此应当认识到家庭体育的重要作用。本文在深入分析影响青少年体质健康因素的基础上,从家长应当转变教育观念重视家庭体育、家庭体育对生活方式的影响、家庭体育可有效弥补学校体育的不足,这三个方面来论述家庭体育是促进青少年体质健康的有效途径。 相似文献
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通过对常州市公共体育场馆活动开展状况调查,发现市民认为公共体育场馆应该提供的公益性体育服务项目排在前三位,依次是:健身咨询、健身辅导及健身培训,多数市民健身趋向于公益性服务;体育场馆提供公益性体育服务的时间主要集中在早晨及中午的营业空闲时段,提供公益性体育服务的项目几乎涵盖了目前开展的所有经营项目。提出整合公共场馆的各种资源,培育公共体育场馆的消费主体,构建公共体育场馆运营中提供公益性体育服务的价值补偿机制等建议。 相似文献
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从历史演进的视角梳理了德国足球的发展脉络及兴衰历程,把德国足球的崛起历程分为了发轫、异化、重生、繁荣、徘徊、振兴6个时期。提出德国足球在崛起过程中表现出,文化层面重视与民族文化相结合;制度层面重视俱乐部运营模式的改革与创新;人才层面重视青训系统的开拓和校园足球的发展3个特征。德国足球的崛起之路对我国足球的发展具有很好的借鉴价值。 相似文献
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通过对奥运会与世博会合办的原因、过程及得益的历史回顾,提出1900年第2届巴黎奥运会--万国博览会的"配角"、1904年第3届圣路易斯奥运会--世博盛会下美国人的"独角戏"以及1908年第4届伦敦奥运会--世博"救世主"身份的终结三段历程;指出两者的同行并不仅仅是巧合,而是奥运会发展之初一个必需的过程;最后从两者的举办... 相似文献
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1前言近年来世界排球大赛的实践表明，拦网已从单一的防守技术转变为攻防兼备的制胜技术之一。拦网水平的高低不仅直接影响比赛的胜负，而且也是衡量一支球队技战术水平的重要标志之一，因此，备受国内外教练员和科研工作者的关注。长期以来，有关拦网技术的研究，仅限于现场统 相似文献
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Yang Liu Binghong Gao Jiru Li Zuchang Ma Yining Sun 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):168-179
AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether changes on foot-stretcher height were associated with characteristics of better rowing performance. Ten male rowers performed a 200 m rowing trial at their racing rate at each of three foot-stretcher heights. A single scull was equipped with an accelerometer to collect boat acceleration, an impeller with embedded magnets to collect boat speed, specially designed gate sensors to collect gate force and angle, and a compact string potentiometer to collect leg drive length. All sensor signals were sampled at 50 Hz. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that raising foot-stretcher position had a significant reduction on total gate angle and leg drive length. However, a raised foot-stretcher position had a deeper negative peak of boat acceleration at the catch, a lower boat fluctuation, a faster leg drive speed, a larger gate force for the port and starboard side separately. This could be attributed to the optimisation of the magnitude and direction of the foot force with a raised foot-stretcher position. Although there was a significant negative influence of a raised foot-stretcher position on two kinematic variables, biomechanical evidence suggested that a raised foot-stretcher position could contribute to the improvement of rowing performance. 相似文献
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足球比赛负荷是球员在比赛情景下完成各类动作所承受的物理、生理和心理等方面刺激之和。比赛负荷的量化结构分为外部和内部负荷,外部负荷的量化方法包括人工视频分析技术、自动轨迹追踪技术和全球定位设备,通过球员体能或技术表现的负荷量和强度来评定足球比赛中的行为活动特点,外部负荷特征表现为间歇性运动下频繁变向和短距离变速跑,高比例的中低强度无球跑穿插较少的高强度带球跑。内部负荷的量化方法包括耗氧量、心率和血乳酸等指标的测定,通过上述指标的变化幅度来评定足球比赛中的能量代谢水平;内部负荷特征表现为有氧供能为主、无氧磷酸原和糖酵解供能交替进行。现有研究局限为外部负荷低估了变向运动对足球比赛负荷的影响,内部负荷无法概括正式比赛的供能特征等。未来可尝试在优化量化方法基础上结合内外负荷,从而更精准地量化比赛负荷。 相似文献