Impact of age on host responses to diet-induced obesity:Development of joint damage and metabolic set points     

Kelsey H.Collins  Graham Z.MacDonald  David A.Hart  Ruth A.Seerattan  Jaqueline L.Rios  Raylene A.Reimer  Walter Herzog 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):132-139,197

Background:Osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability worldwide,and a large percentage of patients with osteoarthritis are individuals who are also obese.In recent years,a series of animal models have demonstrated that obesity-inducing diets can result in synovial joint damage(both with and without the superimposition of trauma),which may be related to changes in percentage of body fat and a series of low-level systemic inflammatory mediators.Of note,there is a disparity between whether the dietary challenges commence at weaning,representing a weanling onset,or at skeletal maturity,representing an adult onset of obesity.We wished to evaluate the effect ofthe dietary exposure time and the age at which animals are exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose(HFS) diet to determine whether these factors may result in disparate outcomes,as there is evidence suggesting that these factors result in differential metabolic disturbances.Based on dietary exposure time,we hypothesized that rats fed an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) would demonstrate an increase in knee joint damage scores,whereas rats exposed to the HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult) and rats exposed to a standard chow diet(Chow)would not display an increase in knee joint damage scores.Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HFS diet for 14 weeks from weaning(HFS Weanling) or an HFS diet for 4 weeks,starting at 12 weeks of age(HFS Adult).At sacrifice,joints were scored using the modified Mankin Criteria,and serum was analyzed for a defined subset of inflammatory markers(Interleukin-6,leptin,monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,and tumor necrosis factorα).Results:When the HFS Weanling and HFS Adult groups were compared,both groups had a similar percent of body fat,although the HFS Weanling group had a significantly greater body mass than the HFS Adult group.The HFS Weanling and HFS Adult animals had a significant increase in body mass and percentage of body fat when compared to the Chow group.Although knee joint damage scores were low in all 3 groups,we found,contrary to our hypothesis,that the HFS Adult group had statistically significant greater knee joint damage scores than the Chow and HFS Weanling groups.Furthermore,we observed that the HFS Weanling group did not have significant differences in knee joint damage scores relative to the Chow group.Conclusion:These findings indicate that the HFS Weanling animals were better able to cope with the dietary challenge of an HFS diet than the HFS Adult group.Interestingly,when assessing various serum proinflammatory markers,no significant differences were detected between the HTS Adult and HFS Weanling groups.Although details regarding the mechanisms underlying an increase in knee joint damage scores in the HFS Adult group remain to be elucidated,these findings indicate that dietary exposure time maybe less important than the age at which an HFS diet is introduced.Moreover,increases in serum proinflammatory mediators do not appear to be directly linked to knee joint damage scores in the HFS Weanling group animals but may be partially responsible for the observed knee joint damage in the adults over the very short time of exposure to the HFS diet.  相似文献   

体育院校成人教育教学质量监控体系的探究     

吴菲  孙远航  宋琳  张玉芬  郑丽 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2009,27(2)

为适应时代对体育院校成人教育教学管理的要求,提高在职人员学历层次,建立一个高信度、高效度、操作性强的体育院校成人教育教学质量评估指标体系势在必行,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法,对我国体育院校成人教育教学质量的评价与监控进行调查与分析,以此为基础提出了体育院校成人教育的教学质量监控体系对策性建议,以确保对体育院校成人教育教学质量实施科学、有效的监控与评价。  相似文献   

Lifelong education and transnational migration     

Sue Webb  John Holford  Peter Jarvis  Marcella Milana  Richard Waller 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(4):435-439

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether and through what mechanisms vulnerable adults are empowered through a second-chance education programme. At the same time, the paper aims at unveiling the obstacles hindering learners’ empowerment process and making suggestions for the improvement of the educational programme fostering further empowerment of the learners. To achieve the objectives set by the research, a hybrid methodological design was applied combining hermeneutic phenomenology and critical discourse analysis. Data collection was performed using three tools: semi-structured interviews, reflective journals and document analysis. The results led to the emergence of a multilevel empowerment scheme of vulnerable adults in the programme. The empowerment mechanisms that emerged were as follows: (a) empowerment through participation as a self-value, (b) empowerment through the reconstruction of past experiences, (c) empowerment through the strengthening of their social capital and (d) empowerment through literacy skills. At the same time, the study shed light on a number of factors that inhibit the process of learners’ empowerment, which unveil structural and operational weaknesses of the programme as well as of the policies pursued by the State.  相似文献   

北京市西城区成人体质监测与分析     

杨永耀  王港  秦友庭  田纪昭  夏恒明  柴文胜  王保成 《四川体育科学》1998,(3)

１９９６年和１９９７年,对北京市西城区社区成人体质的两次监测,说明了社区全民健身示范工程的实施对成人体质的提高有显著作用。监测反映出不同年龄、性别、工作性质人的体质差异。为如何有效地开展社区全民健身活动提供依据。  相似文献   

A preliminary mapping of individual,relational, and social factors that impede disclosure of childhood sexual abuse     

《Child abuse & neglect》2015

Uncovering the pathways to disclosures of child sexual abuse (CSA) and the factors influencing the willingness of victims to talk about the abuse is paramount to the development of powerful practice and policy initiatives. Framed as a long interview method utilizing a grounded theory approach to analyze data, the objective of the current study was to provide a preliminary mapping of the barriers to CSA disclosures through an ecological systemic lens, from a sample of 67 male and female CSA adult survivors, all of whom had recently received counselling services. The current project led to the identification of three broad categories of barriers that were each comprised of several subthemes, namely: Barriers from Within (internalized victim-blaming, mechanisms to protect oneself, and immature development at time of abuse); Barriers in Relation to Others (violence and dysfunction in the family, power dynamics, awareness of the impact of telling, and fragile social network); and Barriers in Relation to the Social World (labelling, taboo of sexuality, lack of services available, and culture or time period). This study points to the importance of using a broad ecological framework to understand the factors that inhibit disclosure of CSA, as barriers to disclosure do not constrain solely the victims. Results are discussed in light of their implications for research, prevention and intervention programs, and social policies and media campaigns, as the burden is on the larger community to create a climate of safety and transparency that makes the telling of CSA possible.  相似文献   

当前成人高等教育发展的趋势与思路     

葛青 《滨州教育学院学报》2001,(2)

近几年来 ,成人高等教育在办学、课程设置和招生等方面存在许多问题和困难 ,导致发展受到很大影响。当前成人教育的发展需注重质量和效益的提高 ,开拓办学新思路 ,走产业化和法制化办学的路子。  相似文献   

The challenges of undergraduate online learning experienced by older workers in career transition     

Christopher A. Meyers  Richard G. Bagnall 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2017,36(4):442-457

This paper presents the findings of a research project on older workers transitioning into work as vocational educators through online undergraduate university study. The study involved interpretive phenomenological analysis of the experiences of 10 older learners. Their experience of online learning was found to be shaped by diverse influences and to comprise three distinct but interrelated elements: their use of technology, their use of hypermedia and their independent learning. Challenges raised by each of these elements called for a distinctive response from the university, respectively: short-term, readily available technical advice and support; tutoring to develop Web navigation and exploration skills, or the provision of selected readings; and opportunities for online or face-to-face dialogical engagement with others. Recommendations for the online provision of higher education for such learners, then, pointed to the need for an appropriately distinctive response to challenges in each of the three elements: the use of technology calling for individualised and immediate responsiveness to learner issues; the use of hypermedia calling for aggregated advice and resources prepared in advance; and independent learning calling for the prior structuring of opportunities for interactive engagement. Further research is suggested focusing on the relative cost and effectiveness of different approaches to addressing those needs.  相似文献   

Narrative construction of professional teacher identity of teachers with dyslexia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eila Burns  Sheena Bell   《Teaching and Teacher Education》2011,27(5):952-960

This paper considers the development of teachers’ professional identity in the context of educators that have diverse backgrounds. We elucidate how teachers with dyslexia working in tertiary education use narrative resources to construct and negotiate their professional teacher identities. The analysis of narrative interviews, interpreted within the framework of positioning theory and the theories of narrative identity, indicated that the interviewees constructed several professional teacher identities that were closely linked to each teacher’s perception of their dyslexia. The experience of dyslexia was clearly evident as a positive element in each identity. Instead of seeing it as an obstacle it can become a part of the teacher’s own identity and can be used as a tool to thrive in their profession.  相似文献   

论我国成人高等教育系统互通机制的构建——兼谈学分制改革和综合性高等教育学历资格框架体系的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张秀梅 《现代远距离教育》2011,(2):30-34

本文系统梳理了以高等职业院校教育、成人高等院校教育、网络远程高等教育、高等教育自学考试为主要形式的我国成人高等教育大系统所存在的体制不畅等问题,指出解决问题的关键在于实施完全的学分制改革和建立综合性高等教育学历资格框架体系。针对学分制等体制的现状,作者又进一步给出了实施学分制改革和建立综合性高等教育学历资格框架体系的具体建议。  相似文献   

我国成人法学教育发展走向探析     

徐凤侠 《济宁师范专科学校学报》2011,(4):94-97

传统学历型的成人法学教育因严重的生源萎缩、办学资源不规范、定位不科学、教学模式滞后等现实问题,成为制约成人法学教育发展的瓶颈。面对成人生源的日趋萎缩以及成人法学教育机构之间竞争的白热化,成人法学教育应当重新考虑自己的定位,一方面发展成对专业的法律人才再培训基地,另一方面成为普通公民接受法学再教育的主要平台。  相似文献