基于认知风格的Web目录检索界面实证分析     

柯青  孙建军  成颖 《现代图书情报技术》2009,3(2):56-61

提出基于认知风格模型的检索界面设计原则,以搜索引擎Google作为实验对象,基于认知风格理论,从界面整体风格、主目录和子目录排列方式、命中网站的排序方式、检索结果的表示方式及相关目录显示5个方面分析Google检索界面并提出相应的优化策略。  相似文献   

The impact of learner characteristics on information utilization strategies, cognitive load experienced, and performance in hypermedia learning   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Katharina Scheiter  Peter Gerjets  Brigitte Vollmann  Richard Catrambone 《Learning and Instruction》2009,19(5):387-401

Against the background of an adaptation of Cognitive Load Theory to learner-controlled settings we investigated the impact of learner characteristics on information utilization strategies, cognitive load, and learning outcomes in a hypermedia environment. Based on the data of 79 students, five clusters of students were identified according to their learner characteristics by means of a cluster analysis. Further analyses showed that learners with more favorable characteristics (i.e., higher prior knowledge, more complex epistemological beliefs, more positive attitudes towards mathematics, better cognitive and metacognitive strategy use) tended to show a more adaptive example utilization behavior, reported less cognitive load, and solved more problems correctly than learners with less favorable characteristics.  相似文献   

Knowledge elaboration: A cognitive load perspective   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

Slava Kalyuga   《Learning and Instruction》2009,19(5):402-410

The process of knowledge elaboration is considered from the perspective of cognitive load theory. This theory assumes that the available knowledge structures in long-term memory (LTM) are used to organize and guide cognitive processing in complex learning. Accordingly, the role of external instructional guidance in the process of knowledge elaboration could be described as providing a substitute for knowledge structures missing from LTM. Thus, the executive guidance in complex learning environments is shared between the person (based on his/her LTM knowledge structures) and another expert or instructional means. This article analyzes instructional implications of this assumption. Adaptive learning environments are suggested for tailoring knowledge elaboration processes to changing characteristics of individual learners. Means for identifying and predicting the learner's LTM-based executive guidance are proposed so that they can be utilized in the building of adaptive learning environments.  相似文献   

Chemistry problem solving instruction: a comparison of three computer-based formats for learning from hierarchical network problem representations     

Bing Hiong Ngu  Edwin Mit  Faaizah Shahbodin  Juhani Tuovinen 《Instructional Science》2009,37(1):21-42

Within the cognitive load theory framework, we designed and compared three alternative instructional solution formats that can be derived from a common static hierarchical network representation depicting problem structure. The interactive-solution format permitted students to search in self-controlled manner for solution steps, static-solution format displayed all solutions steps, and no-solution format did not have solution steps. When we matched instructional time across the formats, in relation to the complex molarity problems rather than the dilution problems, differential transfer performance existed between the static-solution or no-solution formats and the interactive-solution format, but not between the static-solution format and no-solution format. The manner in which learners interact with the static-solution and no-solution formats depends on their level of expertise in the chemistry domain. With considerable learner expertise, provision of solution steps may be redundant incurring extraneous cognitive load. Absence of the solution steps may not have left sufficient cognitive capacity for germane cognitive load as some beginning learners lacked the prior knowledge to deduce the solution steps. Searching for solution steps presumably incurred extraneous cognitive load which interfered with learning and hence, in the interactive-solution format, it outweighed the benefit of engaging in self-regulated interaction with the content. Hence, cognitive load theory is a promising tool to predict the mental load associated with learning from the three alternative computer-based instructional formats.  相似文献   

Using the theory of successful intelligence as a framework for developing assessments in AP physics     

Steven E. Stemler  Robert J. Sternberg  Elena L. Grigorenko  Linda Jarvin  Kirsten Sharpes 《Contemporary educational psychology》2009

A new test of Advanced Placement Physics, explicitly designed to balance both content and cognitive-processing skills, was developed using Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence. The test was administered to 281 AP Physics students from 10 schools during the 2006–2007 school year. Six empirically distinguishable profiles of strengths and weaknesses emerged from an exploratory Q-type factor analysis across the four cognitive-skill areas assessed (i.e., memory, analytical, creative, and practical skills). These profiles replicated those found in previous research in the domains of AP Psychology and AP Statistics. Furthermore, achievement differences between ethnic groups on various cognitive subscales were reduced as compared with traditional estimates. The results provide evidence of the importance of integrating modern theories of cognitive processing into large-scale assessments.  相似文献   

“刘姥姥进大观园”语篇语境与人际意义构建     

杨红 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2010,30(3):74-77

系统功能语言学是一个致力于理论指导实践的适用语言学理论,它为语篇分析提供了强有力的理论依据。曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中对刘姥姥浓墨重彩,大书特书。运用系统功能语言学理论对＂刘姥姥进大观园＂人际意义构建所做的分析与＂刘姥姥进大观园＂语篇语境相吻合,进一步验证了系统功能语言学对语篇分析的适用性。  相似文献   

英国文学多媒体教学手段中的认知负荷调节     

石晓杰  王卉 《现代教育技术》2010,20(9):68-71

认知负荷理论把工作记忆的限制性看作学习的主要障碍。在英国文学课程教学内容的内在认知负荷相对固定的前提下,应该在多媒体教学手段的设计和使用中减少外在认知负荷,增加相关认知负荷,从而改善学习效果。  相似文献   

Situated Learning: Conceptualization and Measurement     

Lakshmi Goel  Norman Johnson  Iris Junglas  Blake Ives 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2010,8(1):215-240

A focus on the interaction between cognitive schemas and context in situ has been suggested as fundamental in organizational decision making and information interpretation. Past research suggests that the situation and the social interaction that occur during learning at the cognitive level consist of factors that affect the process, but the research lacks a coherent explanation for how those factors affect it. We propose a conceptualization of learning, termed situated learning, which accounts for these factors. By drawing on situated cognition theory, social learning theory, and the theory of mental models, we identify and measure four components of situated learning, that is, thematic focus, cognitive absorption, social structure, and participation. Among the most important lessons for researchers and practitioners is the need to consider learning as a constellation of the four components instead of an indivisible phenomenon. This perspective can enhance our understanding of cognitive processes, such as information interpretation and decision making.  相似文献   

转换生成语言学与认知语言学对比     

罗艳娟  马良 《和田师范专科学校学报》2010,29(4):104-105

转换生成语言学和认知语言学之间有相似之处,但它们的哲学和心理基础、语言观、研究目标、研究方法等方面有较大的差异,通过两个流派的对比研究,能更清楚地认识其独特的特征。  相似文献   

How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kaspar Burger 《Early childhood research quarterly》2010

A number of authors have investigated the impact of early childhood education and care programs on the development of children. Often they have focused on the effects on children from socio-economically disadvantaged families. To assess the effects of various preschool programs on cognitive development, recent key studies were reviewed. In addition, the extent to which these programs could establish equal educational opportunities for children from different social backgrounds was evaluated. Program start, intensity, and duration were considered. The findings indicate that the vast majority of recent early education and care programs had considerable positive short-term effects and somewhat smaller long-term effects on cognitive development and that in relative terms children from socio-economically disadvantaged families made as much or slightly more progress than their more advantaged peers. Despite this, early childhood education and care cannot compensate completely for developmental deficits due to unfavorable learning conditions in disadvantaged milieus. Implications for research and policy are discussed.  相似文献