Structural characteristics of the online social networks of maltreated youth and offline sexual risk behavior     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Maltreated youth are at risk for exposure to online sexual content and high-risk sexual behavior, yet characteristics of their online social networks have not been examined as a potential source of vulnerability. The aims of the current study were: 1) to test indicators of size (number of friends) and fragmentation (number of connections between friends) of maltreated young adults’ online networks as predictors of intentional and unintentional exposure to sexual content and offline high-risk sexual behavior and 2) to test maltreatment as a moderator of these associations. Participants were selected from a longitudinal study on the effects of child maltreatment (n = 152; Mean age 21.84 years). Data downloaded from Facebook were used to calculate network variables of size (number of friends), density (connections between friends), average degree (average number of connections for each friend), and percent isolates (those not connected to others in the network). Self-reports of intentional and unintentional exposure to online sexual content and offline high-risk sexual behavior were the outcome variables. Multiple-group path modeling showed that only for the maltreated group having a higher percent of isolates in the network predicted intentional exposure to online sexual content and offline high-risk sexual behavior. An implication of this finding is that the composition of the Facebook network may be used as a risk indicator for individuals with child-welfare documented maltreatment experiences.  相似文献   

Promoting the development of resilient academic functioning in maltreated children     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

This study examined (a) the extent of heterogeneity in the patterns of developmental trajectories of language development and academic functioning in children who have experienced maltreatment, (b) how maltreatment type (i.e., neglect or physical abuse) and timing of abuse explained variation in developmental trajectories, and (c) the extent to which individual protective factors (i.e., preschool attendance, prosocial skills), relationship protective factors (i.e., parental warmth, absence of past-year depressive episode, cognitive/verbal responsiveness) and community protective factors (i.e., neighborhood safety) promoted the development of resilient language/academic functioning trajectories. Longitudinal data analyses were conducted using cohort sequential Growth Mixture Model (CS-GMM) with a United States national representative sample of children reported to Child Protective Services (n = 1,776). Five distinct developmental trajectories from birth to age 10 were identified including two resilient groups. Children who were neglected during infancy/toddlerhood or physically abused during preschool age were more likely to be in the poorer language/academic functioning groups (decreasing/recovery/decreasing and high decreasing) than the resilient high stable group. Child prosocial skills, caregiver warmth, and caregiver cognitive stimulation significantly predicted membership in the two resilient academic functioning groups (low increasing and high stable), after controlling for demographics and child physical abuse and neglect. Results suggest that it is possible for a maltreated child to successfully achieve competent academic functioning, despite the early adversity, and identifies three possible avenues of intervention points. This study also makes a significant contribution to the field of child development research through the novel use of CS-GMM, which has implications for future longitudinal data collection methodology.  相似文献   

Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: A prospective nationally-representative twin study     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Child maltreatment has consistently been found to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the robustness of this association and the direction of the link between maltreatment and ADHD remain unclear. We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 British twins, to investigate the associations between exposure to abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and in young adulthood, and to test their robustness and specificity. We also aimed to test longitudinal associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood, controlling for confounders. Results indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and also in young adulthood. In childhood, the association was concentrated among children with comorbid conduct disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that childhood ADHD predicted abuse/neglect in later years. This association was again concentrated among individuals with comorbid conduct disorder. Abuse/neglect in childhood was not associated with later ADHD in young adulthood after adjusting for childhood ADHD. Our study does not provide support of a causal link between child abuse/neglect and adult ADHD but highlights the possibility of a long-term effect of disruptive behaviors on the risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians treating people with ADHD, especially those with comorbid conduct disorder, to be aware of their increased risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. Interventions aimed at reducing risks of abuse/neglect should also focus on the environment of individuals with disruptive behaviors.  相似文献   

Child and family needs profiles among cases substantiated by child protection services     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Differential individual and family needs are explored in a sample of children (n = 1455) whose case has been substantiated by Child Protection Services. Using data from Quebec’s 2014 cycle of Incidence Study, latent class analyses led to the identification of 5 profiles, each displaying a specific range of individual and family needs. Profile characteristics were explored in order to obtain a deeper understanding of their specific needs, beyond the initial referral motive. Further, referred services were explored in order to verify their adequacy regarding the identified needs. Together, the obtained results support the relevance of a more in-depth needs assessment when child protection services are solicited, and the necessity to better match the referred services to these needs.  相似文献   

Proof Frameworks: A Way to Get Started     

Annie Selden  John Selden  Ahmed Benkhalti 《PRIMUS》2018,28(1):31-45

Many mathematics departments have instituted transition-to-proof courses for second semester sophomores to help them learn how to construct proofs and to prepare them for proof-based courses, such as abstract algebra and real analysis. We have developed a way of getting students, who often stare at a blank piece of paper not knowing what to do, to start writing proofs. This is the technique of writing proof frameworks, which is based on the logical structure of the statements of the theorems and associated definitions. Also, in order to unpack the conclusion and know what is to be proved, students need definitions to become “operable.”  相似文献   

现有大学文科数学教材中存在不足的思考     

李红玲 《数学教育学报》2012,(1):92-94

教材的质量和水平很大程度上决定着教学的质量与水平.面对不同学生群体的教材应该具有针对性.现有大学文科数学教材普遍存在针对性不足的问题,对此,进行以下几个方面的思考:对于定义,删繁就简突出重点;对于例题,旁征博引提高兴趣;对于思想,融会贯通启发体会。  相似文献   

形成性评价：概念、原则、策略及案例     

骆北刚 《开封教育学院学报》2012,(4):44-47

形成性评价是课程和教学评价的重要途径,其产生和发展基于现代教育关注“多元、民主、生命、主体”理念,其存在和实践又是现代教育教学理念普及的重要推动力。从实践的角度研究形成性评价的概念、实施策略以及各种策略的案例,有利于从理念上、技术上帮助教师进一步认识形成性评价．为形成性评价的真正实施给予指导。  相似文献   

学位的起源、发展及其特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

骆四铭 《比较教育研究》2006,27(4):35-40

各国对于学位内涵有不同的认识,学位的发展在等级上经历了硕士、博士、学士和副学士,在内涵上从教学资格发展到科研能力、科研与专业能力并举、内涵综合化.学位具有职业性、基础性、发展性和开放性特征.  相似文献