Comfort assessment of running footwear: Does assessment type affect inter-session reliability?     

Julia Lindorfer  Josef Kröll  Hermann Schwameder 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):177-185

Assessing comfort of running footwear reliably is challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare the intra-rater reliability between different assessment types, to calculate intra-individual reliability scores and to evaluate the effect of rater selection based on individual reliability scores on group level reliability. Three assessment types: ranking, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Likert Scale (LS) were provided twice in six separate sessions among 30 participants, who assessed comfort of five shoes after treadmill running. Spearman's rho provided an evaluation of inter-session relative reliability and typical error as a measure of absolute reliability for each assessment type. Ranking (r?=?0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.78) yielded the highest relative reliability for overall comfort, followed by VAS (r?=?0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.75) and LS (r?=?0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.72), with large-scale overlaps of CIs between assessment types. The same order of assessment types was found for the percentage of reliable raters (r?≥?0.7) with 60% in ranking scale, 47% in VAS and 37% in LS. Forming subgroups corresponding to the intra-individual reliability substantially increased group level reliabilities. Based on measures of relative reliability, an extreme reduction in resolution as provided by the ranking from pairwise comparisons seems to be a valuable tool in footwear comfort assessments if assessment time is of minor importance. No preference can be provided for the two investigated rating scales. Besides the assessment type, a selection of the best raters in additional reliability checks seems to be a prerequisite for further comfort-related studies.  相似文献   

‘We Have to Go Where the Money Is’—Dilemmas in the Role of Nutrition Scientists: An Interview Study     

Anna Paldam Folker  Lotte Holm  Peter Sandøe 《Minerva》2009,47(2):217-236

In Western societies scientists are increasingly expected to seek media exposure and cooperate with industry. Little attention has been given to the way such expectations affect the role of scientific experts in society. To investigate scientists’ own perspectives on these issues eight exploratory, in-depth interviews were conducted in Denmark with reputable nutrition scientists. Additionally, eight interviews were held with ‘key informants’ from the field of nutrition policy. It was found that nutrition scientists experience two dilemmas: first, between their aspiration to make a collective impact on public health and the powerful incentives of each to appear frequently in the media with new messages; second, between their need to cooperate with the food industry for financial reasons and their fear that this may compromise their independence and scientific integrity. It is argued that the dilemmas identified in this study should be dealt with openly by the relevant groups of scientists.  相似文献   

孔子德育方法论:"下学而上达"的内涵及影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志彦 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2007,9(3):31-34

孔子以德育方法论“下学而上达”为指导,在德育活动中取得了显著的成效。后世学者、教育家不仅在理论上不断对“下学而上达”思想进行阐述,既探讨了“下学而上达”的内涵,又探讨了“下学”与“上达”的关系,而且还在教育实践中贯彻实行了“下学而上达”的思想。在现代社会的德育活动中,“下学”可以理解为个体与环境的互动和个体的道德实践,“上达”则理解为形成符合时代要求的高尚道德品质。研究孔子德育方法论“下学而上达”的内涵,能够为当前如何解决德育实效性问题提供有益的思路。  相似文献   

信用风险评估方法发展趋势   总被引：51，自引：3，他引：51  

张玲  张佳林 《预测》2000,19(4):72-75

本文追溯和分析了20年以来国内外在信用风险评估方法上的创新、应用及其发展趋势,为我国金融机构信用风险管理提供一些有益的借鉴。  相似文献   

论音乐教育对儿童成长的作用     

刘嵬嵬 《科教文汇》2015,(7)

音乐教育对儿童个性的发展完善、心灵的成长、智慧的开发启迪有着极其重要的作用。本文主要针对音乐教育对儿童成长的作用进行研究,分别从让儿童认识世界,培养爱心,培养兴趣,培养形象思维,培养想象力和创造力等方面进行阐述,试图让人们了解儿童成长过程中音乐教育有着非常积极的影响和不可替代的作用。  相似文献   

关于训练理论研究中若干方法论问题的思考     

苏芸澐  李少丹 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(5):94-99

摘要：我国训练理论研究水平仍处在经验阶段,训练理论的治理迫在眉睫。运用文献资料法、逻辑法、时序法等研究方法,以科学技术哲学与复杂性科学为研究视角,从方法论层面试厘清训练理论研究中所出现的问题,以及未来研究趋向等问题。研究认为复杂性是认识训练规律的路径、科学理性是提升训练理论着眼点、学科交叉性是促进训练理论增长点、非线性是促使训练理论研究转型、整体性是表达训练理论的要义。通过提出超越传统意义上的方法论纲领,以期加快竞技体育治理体系和治理能力的现代化,适应国家竞技体育发展战略的需求;希冀训练理论对现代训练实践的要求做出科学地解释与说明,实现训练理论在实践中的应用性和操作性。  相似文献   

Researching up and across in physical education and sport pedagogy: methodological lessons learned from an intergenerational narrative inquiry     

Steven B. Rynne  Eimear Enright  Laura Alfrey 《Sport, Education and Society》2017,22(1):140-156

Of issue in this paper are the ways in which different forms of narrative may be of value in undertaking research in potentially thorny situations. The project that inspired this paper saw 30 Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy (PESP) Early Career Academics (ECAs) from more than 20 universities across Australasia, North America and Europe, provide narrative accounts of their ongoing academic experiences. From these stories, three letters seeking advice and guidance from leaders in the field were constructed. Following further feedback from the ECAs, the 3 letters were sent to 11 professors in the PESP field with a request to respond, also in letter form. The composite letters and the professorial responses were then the subject of a symposium at an international PESP conference. While the larger project engages with questions of being and becoming an academic in the neoliberal university, this paper is primarily concerned with methodological issues, including our steps and missteps with narrative, inquiry and the field. More specifically, the focus is on narrative as both the method and phenomena of study. As such, we consider issues associated with using dialogue as data, the provocation of participants, as well as both the presentation and representation of data and the relative power of the participants. In doing so, we critically engage with issues of anonymity (or lack thereof), the practice of ‘researching up’ and finally reach the conclusion that the careful approach to data generation, treatment and presentation necessitated by this project, should be a more regular feature of all qualitative inquiry.  相似文献   

A post-social conceptual framework for exploring object narratives in sport organisations     

《Sport Management Review》2017,20(1):20-32

In this article we propose a theoretical framework for narrative analysis that gives voice to objects in sport organisations. Despite considerable interest in the symbolic and mnemonic potency of some sporting objects – most notably memorabilia – many organisational objects go unnoticed, whilst little attention has been paid to methods for gathering stories from inanimate objects. We suggest that material objects in sport organisations participate in narrative production and therefore constitute a rich investigative site. We adopt a post-social approach to narrative methodology where objects are recognised as non-human actors in organisational sense-making, not as narrative repositories that ‘contain’ stories and memories. A three-domain research framework is developed recommending an approach to eliciting an object narrative within a sport organisation. First, object materiality exposes the significant networks of forces, materials and people – and therefore episodes and actors – that engage with and through objects. Second, since people and objects are enmeshed in sequenced, workplace activities, object practice allows organisational agents to define what stories objects can tell whilst objects reciprocally bound the scope of human performance. Third, object biography provides a strategy to map the connections and transitions that occur over the lifecourse of an object, which reveals a changing web of organisational relations.  相似文献   

维特根斯坦"遵从规则"悖论及方法论启示     

尹鑫  罗曼予 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,43(2):6-9

维特根斯坦在其后期的哲学研究中提出了遵从规则悖论。对此悖论,克里普克等人分别从怀疑论等角度提出了各自的解读方案。后来维特根斯坦为了消除人们对悖论的误读,他用语言游戏说及其方法论来解释“遵从规则”。维特根斯坦的语言游戏说认为,只有在语言游戏的实践中,才能谈得上遵从规则,才能理解语言的意义,才能体验到生活的价值,悖论也只有放到实践中才能解决。  相似文献   

当代中国行政法学的功能缺陷与法学方法论上的救治   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谭智雄 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,43(3):21-25

一个成熟的行政法学学科应该具有理论体系的科学性和完整性;成熟而稳定的方法论等。中国行政法学无疑是存在着功能性的缺陷,这些功能缺陷与行政法学方法论所存在的缺陷有关。因此,革新行政法学的方法论就成为中国行政法学未来发展的路径和突破口,方法论的多元主义是行政法学的最佳选择。  相似文献