Gender differences in performance in mathematics at the end of lower secondary school in Italy     

Mariagiulia Matteucci  Stefania Mignani 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):543-548

The paper deals with the investigation of gender differences in performances in mathematics for Italian students at the end of lower secondary school. The study is based on a new large-scale assessment test developed and administered by the National Evaluation Institute for the School System. Given the evidence in the literature which favors males, performances of female and male students are compared using different approaches. Scores proposed by educational experts based on item subgroups were considered, while a model-based approach was used within item response theory. The results revealed a significant advantage to males in overall performance, while no meaningful differences were observed with respect to item domain and type. An interpretable item map was developed crossing expert opinions with IRT abilities, and plausible proficiency levels were defined. According to the map-based student classification, a relatively lower percentage of females fell into the highest proficiency groups with respect to males.  相似文献   

Linkages between cognitive and social dialogue patterns during collaborative small-group discussions     

《Learning and Instruction》2023

BackgroundCollaborative small-group discussions have the potential to promote reading comprehension, critical thinking, and argumentation. However, few studies have gone beyond cognitive processes to understand the social characteristics of dialogue and their potential contributions to students’ cognitive processing in turn-by-turn dialogic exchanges.AimsThis study closely examined dialogues between speakers and addressees regarding their levels of cognitive processing (i.e., cognitive dialogue patterns) and social processes reflecting social cohesion (i.e., social dialogue patterns). The aims were to understand, first, the relations between students' cognitive dialogue patterns and their social dialogue patterns, and second, the relations between students' cognitive dialogue patterns and peers’ social dialogue patterns.SampleThis study included 4070 speaking turns generated by 120 fifth-graders in 60 small-group discussions.MethodsStudents participated in small-group discussions, called Collaborative Social Reasoning. Dialogue between pairs of group members formed social networks, based on which Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) were specified.ResultsFindings showed that speakers' social dialogue patterns were associated with their cognitive dialogue patterns. However, receiving social dialogue patterns from peers did not always predict students’ advanced types of cognitive dialogue patterns.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that cognitive and social aspects of small-group discussions are intricately linked, and that encouraging social cohesion does not guarantee that students will engage in collaborative and critical discussions.  相似文献   

二外日语教学新探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄燕青  吴志虹 《集美大学学报(教育科学版》2004,5(1):78-81

总结了笔在二外日语教学中的实践和探索，提出了二外日语教学在听、说、读、写、译五项基本技能方面全面发展的必要性和可行性。在课堂教学方面主要体现为合理的进度安排及多种教学法相结合。此外本提倡在语言教学中适当进行化背景的介绍，并针对英语专业的特点，提出通过中英日三种语言的对比来加深学生对日语的理解。  相似文献   

试论英语词汇和语法的相互关系     

朱琳 《云南电大学报》2006,8(1):51-55

在传统的英语教学中，语法和词汇被认为是相互独立的部分，但一些新的理论提出了词的组合模式（句型结构）显示了词汇和语法两者可以进行有益的结合，所有的词都有它的句型结构，且有相同句型结构的词，有相似的词义。学习者在学习中应注意词汇与语法学习的不可分割性，并在学习中注意语言学习的四个重要方面：理解、准确、流畅及灵活性。  相似文献   

Enhancing cellular immune response to HBV M DNA vaccine in mice by codelivery of interleukin-18 recombinant     

陈建忠  朱海红  刘克洲  陈智 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(4):467-471

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on immune response induced by plasmid encoding hepatitis B virus middle protein antigen and to explore new strategies for prophylactic and therapeutic HBV DNA vaccines. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with pCMV-M alone or co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M and then their sera were collected for analysing anti-HBsAg antibody by ELISA; splenocytes were isolated for detecting specific CTL response and cytokine assay in vitro. Results: The anti-HBs antibody level of mice co-immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was slightly higher than that of mice immunized with pCMV-M alone, but there was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with mice injected with pCMV-M, the specific CTL cytotoxity activity of mice immunized with pcDNA3-18 and pCMV-M was significantly enhanced (P<0.05) and the level of IFN-γ in supernatant of splenocytes cultured with HBsAg in vitro was significantly elevated (P<0.05) while the level of IL-4 had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: The plasmid encoding IL-18 together with HBV M gene DNA vaccines may enhance specific TH1 cells and CTL cellular immune response induced in mice, so that IL-18 is a promising immune adjuvant.  相似文献   

汉英句式的动态转换     

陈淑萍 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,29(1):99-100

本文以“功能对等”翻译理论为依据,比较了汉英句式表达上的差异,如意合与形合,句首开放与句尾开放,话题句与主谓句等,认为翻译应重在以语义为基础的动态转换。  相似文献   

主位推进模式在大学英语写作教学中的应用     

伟圣鑫 《教育教学论坛》2019,(2):159-161

衔接与连贯是学生在英语写作中存在的问题。功能语言学的主位推进模式为大学英语写作教学中的衔接与连贯问题提供了新的启发。因此,本文将在系统功能语言学的主位推进模式理论的指导下,对大学英语写作教学进行研究,以期提高学生的语篇组织能力,从而提高学生的写作水平。  相似文献   

Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Method to Determine Tectonic Stress Patterns     

张海  戚蓝  郝彩哲  郭磊 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2007,13(6):462-468

The tectonic stress patterns were determined by a fuzzy comprehensive assessment method. Data of in-situ survey and fault information were utilized in the method. First, by making pressure and tension in the directions of along-river, cross-river, shear clockwise, and shear counterclockwise , 26 types of tectonic stress patterns were presented. And the stress vector of each pattern was obtained with FE software by taking unit displacement as boundary load. Then, by taking the 26 types of tectonic stress patterns as index set and 3 main stresses as factor set and choosing various operators, comparison of directions of computational stress vector and survey stress vector was made and the most possible tectonic stress pattern was obtained. Taking the 26 types of tectonic stress patterns as index set and strike angle as factor set, comparison of relationships between formation of fault and tectonic stress was made,and the tectonic stress patterns were assessed with known fault information. By summarizing the above assessment results, the most impossible tectonic stress pattern was obtained . Finally an engineering case was quoted to validate that the method is more feasible and reliable than traditional empirical method.  相似文献   

涡轮流量计动态特性分析     

王建强  郁凯元  张辉 《金陵科技学院学报(社会科学版)》2003,18(1):36-38

本文建立涡轮流量计动态数学模型 ,并对涡轮流量变送器的运动微分方程和传递函数进行了分析 ;从理论上计算得出 LW-1 5型涡轮流量计的单位阶跃速度响应 ;证明了限制涡轮流量计动态响应速度的瓶颈是流量积算仪的动态响应 ;最后提出了用软件代替流量积算仪的实验方案  相似文献   

湖北高等教育摭谈   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马杰  卢红梅 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2005,22(4):20-22

湖北地处我国中部，是我国的高等教育大省，在全国具有广泛的影响和重要性。在东部跨越式发展和西部大开发的形势下，如何利用承东启西的地理优势促进湖北高等教育的繁荣，最主要的是要结合本区域的特色。本文通过分析湖北高等教育的特点，总结高等教育发展中的经验和发展趋势，旨在能为其他区域高等教育的发展起到一定的借鉴作用。  相似文献