In the interests of the child: psychiatry,adoption, and the emancipation of the single mother and her child – the case of the Netherlands (1945–1970)     

Nelleke Bakker 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2019,55(1):121-136

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses illegitimacy and single motherhood in the postwar period in the Netherlands from the perspective of what was considered to be in the interests of the child: being adopted by a married couple or being raised by the birthmother. It focuses particularly on the impact of psychiatry and the legalization of adoption in 1956 on the emancipation of the single mother and her child. The paper argues that the release of single motherhood and illegitimacy from the moral-religious stigmata of a “sinful fallen woman” and a “damned” or “degenerated” child has, in the Dutch case, not proceeded as a linear process. The process of emancipation toward proud and independent lone motherhood stagnated in the 1950s and 1960s because, when adoption was legalized, illegitimacy became an issue over which scientists, especially psychiatrists, gained the power of expert control. Guided by dynamic psychology and what they conceived of as the best interests of the child they declared single mothers to be victims of “sociopathology” and, consequently, unfit for motherhood. Adoption became the preferred option. This medicalised approach continued to dominate until the reawakening of feminism in the late 1960s made self-sufficient lone motherhood once more a respectable choice.  相似文献   

黄冈农产品应对绿色贸易壁垒的对策及思路     

朱萍  徐红  李水华  程思亮 《黄冈职业技术学院学报》2003,5(3):79-81

本文根据黄冈农产品贸易特点,从农产品生产成本、质量安全、法规标准制度、产品销售等四个方面分析了WTO中绿色贸易壁垒对黄冈农产品贸易产生的影响,提出黄冈在入世后农产品贸易全球化发展中所应采取的对策和建议。  相似文献   

Promoting university–industry collaboration in Malaysia: stakeholders’ perspectives on expectations and impediments     

Norzaini Azman  Morshidi Sirat  Vincent Pang  Yew Meng Lai  Anantha Raman Govindasamy  Wardatul Akmam Din 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2019,41(1):86-103

University–Industry Collaboration (UIC) has been identified as an essential item on Malaysia’s agenda for transforming itself into knowledge and innovation-based economy. However, despite the efforts, most initiatives have had limited results. This paper reports on an explorative study that sought to understand the contemporary realities of UIC in the Malaysian context. In particular, the study identified the expectations and impediments to UIC, from the perspectives of three groups of stakeholders – the academics, the industry players and policymakers. The findings reveal a number of barriers, including cultural differences, perceived lack of academic expertise and reputation, an inadequacy of institutional policies and regulations, lack of trust, issues of intellectual property rights, and the lack of an appropriate reward system. This paper concludes by proposing policy recommendations and strategies that could be used by the government, university, and the industry to promote further and foster university-industry collaborative opportunities and initiatives.  相似文献   

大学生几种常见情绪障碍及调适     

王楠 《辽宁科技学院学报》2008,10(1):63-64

自卑、焦虑、抑郁、愤怒是在日常心理咨询工作中接触到的具有典型性的、代表性的问题。这些情绪障碍如得不到及时解决,必将影响到学生的心理健康水平,进而影响学校的和谐校园建设。文章正是着眼于此,对几种常见情绪障碍进行了分析,并进而提出了解决问题的方法。  相似文献   

中国劳动力市场运行轨迹及其发展障碍分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李樱杕  王春娟 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,25(6):24-26

在中国长达 40年之久的传统就业制度中 ,基本上不存在一般意义上的劳动力市场。单一就业格局的突破始于 2 0世纪 80年代初政府推出的“三结合”就业方针 ,而劳动力市场的形成则以国有企业中劳动合同制的推行 ,进而“再就业工程”的实施为标志。初步确立后的劳动力市场虽取得一定成就 ,但其发育并不平衡 ,并且市场自身的缺陷、市场供求主体的不明晰、工资调节机制不健全以及相关法律基础的不充分也在制约劳动力市场的进一步发育和完善 ,需要借助政府行为 ,通过深化改革 ,推进劳动力市场化进程  相似文献   

Barriers to environmental education: How do teachers’ perceptions in rural Ecuador fit into a global analysis?     

Chloe Anderson  Susan Jacobson 《Environmental Education Research》2018,24(12):1684-1696

Abstract

We identified 48 barriers to teaching environmental education reported by teachers in global literature and compared frequency to empirical data we collected from rural Ecuador, part of an understudied region and continent. We utilized Q methodology and interviews with 25 (78%) teachers at 6 schools to identify and categorize barriers. Perceptions of barriers ranked by Ecuadorian teachers were statistically classified into three factors: logistical (associated with fieldtrips, time, and money); training and lack of government support; and attitudinal (associated with student disinterest). In contrast, barriers related to student testing and controversial topics were only reported in more developed countries. Results enable region-specific recommendations.  相似文献   

技术创新扩散中企业采用行为的一种解说   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈欣荣  蔡希贤 《科研管理》1996,17(2):17-21

企业采用创新的过程是技术创新扩散中的基本过程,它具有多方面的特征,对此学术界已有几种不同的解说,如曼斯菲尔德的“传染”说,戴维、戴维斯的“刺激——反应“说,斯通曼的“学习”说,梅特卡夫、阿瑟的“选择”说,等等.它们无疑都具有合理的成份,但往往只强调了企业采用行为的一个侧面、一种特征.本文提出一种可以把几个方面的特征综合在一起的新的解说.j  相似文献   

Researcher Development of Doctoral Students: Supports and Barriers Across Time     

L. DiAnne Borders  Kelly L. Wester  Kathleen H. Driscoll 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2020,59(4):297-315

We used content analysis to analyze 42 counseling doctoral students' reports of supports and barriers influencing their researcher development across 3 years. In line with social cognitive career theory, the students named cognitive-person, environmental, and social-context influences. Analyses indicated no differences in frequencies of supports and barriers across time but significant differences by cohort.  相似文献   

Stimulating Intrinsic Motivation in Millennial Students: A New Generation,a New Approach     

Joydeep Dutta Chaudhuri 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(2):250-271

There has been a fundamental change in health care pedagogy to address the demands and challenges posed by the present generation of millennial students. There is also a growing recognition of the role of intrinsic motivation as a catalyst in a positive learning experience. The term intrinsic motivation refers to energizing behavior that comes from within an individual and develops due to an inherent interest in the activity at hand. However, stimulating intrinsic motivation in the present generation of millennial health care students is a daunting task, considering their diverse and disparate nature. In addition, the inherent generational differences between educators and students, and an increasing emphasis on technological tools have resulted in a dichotomy in the educational environment leading to the development of a greater incidence of burnouts among students. Hence, numerous innovative techniques have been introduced in health care education to enhance the levels of intrinsic motivation in these students. Unfortunately, most of these approaches have only been moderately successful due to their limited ability to address the unique educational expectations of millennial students. The cumulative evidence suggests that specific approaches to stimulate intrinsic motivation should aim at nurturing the learning efforts of students, bridging the generational barriers between educators and students, and ameliorating the stress associated with health care education. Hence, the specific aim of this narrative review is to suggest empirically proven curricular strategies and institutional reforms to enhance intrinsic motivation in health care students belonging to the Millennial Generation.  相似文献   

中国传统农业向现代农业转变的制度障碍及其变革     

何磊 《未来与发展》2010,(4):9-13

现代农业的推广与发展不仅仅需要技术的跟进与优质资源要素的投入,更需要制度安排上的改革与创新。本文就目前中国农村现代农业发展面临的土地承包权、信贷资源配置、农业生产合作组织和人力资本形成等制度方面的障碍进行深入分析,并在此基础上提出了相应的改革措施。这为中国破除现代农业发展的制度障碍,加快现代农业的发展提供了有益参考。  相似文献