中央与地方的互动:陈云与“大跃进”前期浙江基本建设的整顿     

程珂 《乐山师范学院学报》2014,(6):63-67

陈云从总结1958年杭州半山钢铁厂厂房倒塌事故的教训出发,深入剖析了"大跃进"以来全国基本建设战线存在的问题,并提出了正确的方针政策。他的政策思想,对"大跃进"前期浙江基本建设的整顿起了重要作用,对于正确处理中央与地方的关系,探索执政党决策的科学方法和途径也有重要启示。  相似文献   

The Growth of Broadband and Electronic Commerce in South Korea: Contributing Factors     

Heejin Lee  Robert M. O'Keefe  Kyounglim Yun 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):81-93

From 1998 through 2001, South Korea witnessed a remarkable diffusion in broadband Internet connections. Using published and other data, this paper explores the actions and factors contributing to this diffusion from three viewpoints: government, private sector, and social. We suggest that the matching of demand and supply is the most important factor in the fast diffusion of broadband in Korea. In particular, fierce infrastructure competition led to quality services at a low fixed price. Online gaming exhibits some of the characteristics of a "killer application"; there are also some social and cultural drivers of demand. We then consider the impact that this rapid diffusion has had on electronic commerce. We produce conclusions of value to policymakers.  相似文献   

Innovative use of ICT in schools based on the findings in ELFE project     

Ulf Fredriksson  Gunilla Jedeskog  Tjeerd Plomp 《Education and Information Technologies》2008,13(2):83-101

The European e-Learning Forum for Education (ELFE) is a project initiated by the ETUCE (European Trade Union Committee on Education). An important objective of the project has been to study good experiences with implementing the use of ICT in schools. This objective has been broken down in seven operational research questions. Three of these questions will be discussed in this article: (1) What difference does the use of ICT make in schools where ICT is intensively used for instructional/pedagogical purposes? (2) How are the students influenced by this different way of teaching as compared to the traditional classroom education, both individually and as a collective? 3) What factors influence the intensive pedagogical use of ICT? The ELFE study applied a case study approach. Three innovative schools in each of five European countries (Denmark, England, Germany, Norway and Portugal) were purposively selected. Data were collected via questionnaires, interviews, observations and school documents. The findings resulting from the ELFE schools case studies illustrate that the implementation of ICT for teaching and learning may influence the functioning of schools in a number of ways. One can also conclude that students like working with computers and that they have no ‘instrumental’ problems. A number of factors seem to influence the successful implementation of ICT at school level such as a good infrastructure, a clear vision, policy and strategy. A crucial factor is support from national, regional and local authorities, as well as from the school leadership and parents.  相似文献   

Informational Imperatives and Socially Mediated Relationships     

Roberta Lamb 《The Information Society》1996,12(1):17-38

Rational economic arguments focused on achieving efficient and productive IT use often guide discussions about technological infrastructure expansion. I characterize those compelling rational arguments as 'informational imperatives,' and I show that they generate unrealistic expectations based on assumptions about information resource use that do not reflect practice. My 'informational contexts' acknowledge that people value information and information resources based, in part, on the way they relate to the social world in which they live and work. If we base our expectations about information use on actual practice, would that reduce the potential economic benefit of expanding a national information infrastructure? I examine the social and organizational processes that direct IT use, and conclude that economic potential will remain high even if we alter information infrastructure policies to acknowledge and accommodate those processes that enhance expertise and foster socially mediated relationships.  相似文献   

Technological capabilities, invisible infrastructure and the un-social construction of predictability: the overlooked fixed costs of useful research   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paul Nightingale 《Research Policy》2004,33(9):1259-1284

The paper explores the idea that unpredictability is a much more pervasive and important feature of technical change than is traditionally supposed. It explains how economically important interactions between scientific explanations and technology require the construction of very specific, artificially predictable conditions where explanations’ implications match technologies’ behaviour. The iterative construction of these localised predictable conditions from unpredictable starting materials relies on, generates, and is made easier by reusable social and physical infrastructure. The paper develops a non-tautological model of technological capabilities and provides a novel explanation for a range of empirical findings. Theoretical and policy implications are reported.  相似文献   

Governance in the digital age: A research and action framework for an uncertain future     

Sharon S. Dawes 《Government Information Quarterly》2009

Research into relationships among government, society and technology has grown substantially over the past 30 years. However, most research and most advances in practice address narrowly defined categories of concern such as government organization, citizen services, interoperability, or personal privacy. By contrast, the future presents complex and dynamic challenges that demand a more holistic and flexible perspective, including consideration of what constitutes an appropriate infrastructure for continued development of government and governance in the digital age. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for considering the future, drawn from a stakeholder-driven investigation into potential scenarios of society and government. The framework reflects a dynamic socio-technical system encompassing interactions among societal trends, human elements, changing technology, information management, interaction and complexity, and the purpose and role of government.  相似文献   

基于C/S/S三层架构的社保计算机系统设计与实现     

杨旭峰 《人天科学研究》2009,(5)

针对社保系统处理信息能力单一、维护升级不便的现实,以计算机的基本架构模式分析为基础,提出了基于C/S/S三层架构模式的社保计算机系统,并依次完成了客户端和应用程序的设计;针对社保系统信息量大的特点,重点对数据库系统进行了开发,给出了完整的设计方案,对于社保计算机系统的设计实现具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Polycentric organizing and performance: A contingency model and evidence from megaproject planning in the UK     

Nuno Gil  Jeffrey K. Pinto 《Research Policy》2018,47(4):717-734

This study sheds light on polycentric forms of organizing and corresponding performance implications. Organizations with a polycentric architecture supplement their internal hierarchical decision-making structures with egalitarian, local structures in order to encourage collaboration with legally independent stakeholders. We ground our study on the planning stage for four capital-intensive infrastructure development projects (megaprojects) in the UK. We first establish that megaproject planning is carried on by polycentric organizations. We show that in this form of organizing the promoter has decision-making authority over the high-order choices, but shares the authority over the local choices with groups of autonomous stakeholders. We also show how this organizational architecture addresses local disputes and pressures to relax performance targets. Our main contribution is a contingency model that proposes four conditions linking performance to polycentric organizing, whether or not: i) the institutional environment empowers an ‘umpire’ to referee disputes; and ii) the system leader can mobilize substantial slack resources to reconcile conflicting interests. We argue that the four conditions reveal very different classes of managerial problems, and draw implications for practice and policy including but not limited to megaprojects.  相似文献   

The impact of core and infrastructure business activities on information systems planning and effectiveness     

Dinesh A. Mirchandani  Albert L. Lederer 《International Journal of Information Management》2014

Core and infrastructure business activities are vital to the organization, and are growing more and more dependent on information systems. Theory suggests that more core and infrastructure business activities would inspire more strategic information systems planning which in turn would result in greater planning effectiveness. One hundred thirty chief information officers in manufacturing companies completed a questionnaire about the extent that their organization performed core and infrastructure business activities, and carried out technical, personnel, and procedures planning. The findings showed that infrastructure activities lead to all three types of planning whereas core activities lead only to procedures planning. Moreover, they showed that technical planning leads to planning effectiveness whereas personnel and procedures planning do not. The findings suggest that future researchers might try to uncover the reasons that core activities do not lead to more information systems planning. For practitioners, the findings suggest that managers reconsider how their organizations respond to core and infrastructure needs, and whether they should adjust their information systems planning.  相似文献   

论高校新馆建设和布局的几个基本理念     

杨勇  李亮先  张建中 《高校图书馆工作》2011,(5):24-26

文章结合新馆建设的经验,论述了在新馆建设过程中关于文献资源布局和基础设施布局的基本理念,并指出了需要特别注意的两个方面的工作。  相似文献