明代言官的职业风险及保障机制     

蔡明伦 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,28(2):141-144

明代言官以言为职,在履职时面临着双重风险：一是皇帝的威胁和摧抑,二是周边各种势力的打击报复。为保证言官尽职,明代确立了一些激励和保障机制,包括鼓励直言、慎选言官、畀以重权、给予重赏、严加考察以及相应的人身保护等。这些保障机制在一定程度上激励了言官不畏风险,恪尽职守,在明中期以前发挥了较好的作用。但由于专制体制下皇权决定一切,而明代皇帝素质又普遍低下,言官保障机制不断被破坏,言官的职业风险更为突出,致使言官群体在晚明时期不断分化蜕变,从一个侧面揭示了明代士大夫的悲剧命运。  相似文献   

Better safe than sorry? Risk and educational research     

Per Lindqvist  Ulla Karin Nordänger 《Educational studies》2007,33(1):15-27

This paper presents the argument that education and the teaching profession have been saturated by a new form of risk consciousness and risk consideration. The aim is to shed light on this issue and present a number of empirical examples and questions of interest in educational research. Furthermore, the paper presents some of the central theories regarding risk and an attempt is made to relate these theories to an epistemological framework. The article also emphasizes the problems and issues that arise from the way teachers think, experience and manage risk in their daily work, and examines how this affects their didactic intentions and, in the long run, also the pupils’ learning potential. It is the intention of the authors, in the scientific as well as in the professional discussion, to reintroduce the positive connections between teaching and risk zones, as well as between professional development and risk taking.  相似文献   

Contextual effects on predicting risk for reading difficulties in first and second grade     

Barbara R. Foorman  Mary York  Kristi L. Santi  David Francis 《Reading and writing》2008,21(4):371-394

This study utilized early reading assessment data from a randomized trial of 210 urban and rural schools in Texas to examine contextual effects on risk prediction in first and second grade. The primary objective was to examine the roles of (a) individual differences, (b) the grade 1 classroom, and (c) the pairing of first and second grade teachers in determining grade 2 outcomes in word reading and fluency. A second objective was to investigate whether the administration format of the assessment (paper, paper plus desktop, handheld plus desktop) or the level of teacher support (web mentoring, no mentoring) moderated the prediction. These moderator variables proved not to be significant. Subsequent analyses found that a combination of student pretest and mean of pretest classroom was a better predictor than student pretest alone. Additionally, the effect of student scores varied by teacher-pair. On average, intraclass correlations (ICCs) ranged from 6% to 17%. Differences in ICCs at the classroom level were much greater than at the school level, and differences in urban schools were twice that of rural schools.  相似文献   

医疗损害赔偿案件的若干难点问题探析     

薛叶兴 《福建师大福清分校学报》2008,(4):37-40

当前医疗损害赔偿案件日渐增多,由于相关立法的不完善,导致法院对这一类案件的审理存在诸如法律适用上、案由确定上等许多难点,而对这些难点进行针对性的研究。对于这一类案件的审理及相关立法都有非常重要的意义。  相似文献   

浅析一种新的国际工程指标报价策略：—机会风险评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

史啸虎 《科研管理》2001,22(3):121-125

传统的投标报价策略主要是在了解并分析竞争对手以往的投标报价利润率和中标概率基础上调整已方的报价,以求中标。但如果无法获得竞争对手刻意保密的商业秘密,上述策略也就没有任何实用意义了,机会与风险评估策略则是在研究工程现场和标书的基础上,寻找和分析某些工程可能有利或不利的因素,并对这些因素作量化分析,折算成标价,以对正常标价进行调整,从而使报价更科学,也更具竞争性。这种报价策略目前在国际大跨跨国公司工程公司中的应用日益普及。因此,将其介绍到国内来,毫无疑问将是非常有益的。  相似文献   

从制造到创造的跨越——我国制造业自主技术创新的价值链分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

成元君  赵玉川 《中国青年科技》2007,(6):37-44

基于自主技术创新价值链分析框架,结合国务院发展研究中心和国家统计局2006年对我国六大产业中的2130家大中型企业进行的技术创新调查数据,实证研究发现,我国企业自主创新持续开展存在经济因素、知识因素、市场体制机制、社会环境等四方面因素的阻碍;而且各阻碍因素的实际影响程度与人们对此重视程度的主观评价之间存在差距。要消除创新障碍因素,关键需要制度创新,在创新价值链的各个环节上深入推进市场化;强化技术创新价值链的社会支持网络;建立健全创新风险的分散机制;整合创新要素部门的合作和竞争,推动自主技术创新的可持续性。  相似文献   

企业销售风险控制的一种理论分析方法     

潘震宇  高清平 《科研管理》2002,23(1):128-132

本文提出一种对于企业销售行为的风险控制的理论分析方法，这种方法从价值及风险两个角度建立了一个销售行为的分析模型，并作为销售风险控制的理论基础，分析了该模型下的客户因素及竞争对手因素。  相似文献   

论房地产开发企业的审计风险     

叶进春  包继仲 《温州职业技术学院学报》2003,3(3):17-20

本从房地产特性及房地产业的基本特征着手，分析了房地产开发的特有审计风险表现形式，提示规避审计风险的对策，以期达到降低审计风险的目的。对从事房地产开发企业审计的注册会计师有一定的实际指导意义。  相似文献   

CAPM和Fama-French模型的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王秀琴  辛欣  隋琛 《许昌学院学报》2006,25(5):23-25

利用美国证券市场的有关数据,讨论了应用CAPM和Fama_French模型分析股票收益率时的一些问题,并对两个模型进行了比较分析.  相似文献   

Identifying determinants of risk of sexual victimization of youth: a multivariate approach     

K J Gruber  R J Jones 《Child abuse & neglect》1983,7(1):17-24

The present study argues that a greater understanding of the factors which contribute to a youth's sexual victimization is likely to not only be based on what we know about the youths who are victimized but also on comparative information on youths who are not. Selected social background variables from a sample of young victims (n = 20) and nonvictims (n = 21) representing a population of youths with histories of antisocial behavior were compared. Using stepwise discriminant analysis several factors relating to youths' home environment significantly discriminated victims from nonvictims. The results suggest that the probability of being sexually victimized is increased when the home environment is unstable and lacks adequate control over youths' activities. The need for improved research methodologies to achieve better identification of determinants of risk is discussed. Multivariate assessment of social, situational, and personal factors of victims and nonvictims is recommended as a potentially promising approach for improving current rape prevention efforts.  相似文献