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31.
随机利率下的准备金与寿险风险分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在人寿保险的纯保费及理论责任准备金的计算中,死亡率一般依据生命表,利息率一般采用固定利率。实际上,寿险死亡率与生命表的死亡率有所差别,利率具有随机性,寿险死亡率与生命表死亡率的差额及利率的随机性均能形成保险经营中的盈亏风险,本文利用Bayes方法,给出寿险死亡率的分布,并对保险经营中盈亏风险进行了系统分析,最后归结为动态规划模型。 相似文献
32.
There is a general presumption among many policy makers that secondary and higher education is not necessary for economic growth and development. On the other hand, it is literacy and primary education that is argued to be important. Estimates on internal rate of return also contributed to strengthening of such a presumption. Accordingly, secondary and higher education do not figure on the poverty reduction agenda of many poor countries and of the international aid organisations. The Indian experience also testifies to all this. Secondary and more strikingly higher education has been subject to neglect by the government. Using most recent statistics, it is attempted here to show that the general presumption on the weak or negligible role of secondary and higher education in development is not valid and that post-elementary education is important for reduction in poverty, in improving infant mortality and life expectancy, and for economic growth. 相似文献
33.
Previous studies have shown that women’s education increases infant survival with a magnitude that varies along methodological designs. Besides, the causal chain from women’s education to infant survival has so far remained largely unknown. This cross-country study investigates the relationship between women’s education and infant survival in 95 low- and middle-income countries using a comprehensive set of mediating and control variables. The article applies structural equation modelling on aggregate data, which were produced by the UN, UNESCO, UNICEF and the World Bank. The independent variables are from 2000 to 2009, and the dependent variable, infant mortality, is from 2018. The models are adjusted for income level, population size and extreme epidemic or political instabilities. Structural equation modelling is an advantageous method to specify how women’s education affects infant survival explicitly through the indirect influences of an enhanced child health provision and through an increased reproductive autonomy for women. Overall, women’s education is an equally important variable with poverty alleviation and women’s reproductive autonomy in explaining the cross-country variation in infant survival. The models, taking into account key child health policies, provide new evidence on how women’s education is mediated to better infant survival in low- and middle-income countries. 相似文献
34.
Ana Bayán-Bravo Raúl F. Pérez-Tasigchana Esther López-García David Martínez-Gómez Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(4):424-433
Objective: To identify major patterns of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleeping (all self-reported), and their association with long-term mortality.
Methods: Cohort of 2,851 individuals aged ≥ 60 from Spain. Mortality was ascertain from 2003 up to July 2013. Patterns of PA, SB and sleeping were identified by factor analysis.
Results: During follow-up, 1,145 deaths occurred. The first pattern, named “sedentary and non-active pattern”, was characterized by long sleeping or lying time, and not doing even light PA (household chores or walking). The second pattern was named “active and non-sedentary pattern”, and was characterized long time devoted to vigorous activities, long walking time, and short seating time. Compared to those in the first quartile of the “sedentary and non-active pattern”, those in the highest quartile showed a 71% higher mortality (HR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.42–2.07; p-trend:<0.001); it corresponds to being 6-year older. By contrast, being in the highest versus the lowest quartile of the “active and non-sedentary pattern” was associated with a 32% lower mortality (HR: 0.68: 0.57–0.82; p-trend:<0.001); it corresponds to being 4-year younger.
Conclusion: The “sedentary and non-active” pattern had a large impact on mortality. The “active and non-sedentary” pattern showed an opposite and slightly lower association. 相似文献
35.
文章采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,并结合参与幼儿武术教学的实践经验,对幼儿武术教学中的武德教育进行了辩证的探析。在新课程标准的指导下,如何在幼儿武术教学中实施武德教育,使武德教育反过来促进幼儿武术教学效果,提高武术技术水平,成为当今的重要话题。针对幼儿这一特殊群体的武德教育应赋予其特殊的内涵,特殊的内容,以促进幼儿身心的全面发展。 相似文献
36.
采用1981—2009年分年龄分性别死亡率样本数据,通过对其死亡率改善的分析,探讨对于两个基本险种定期寿险和年金的修正责任准备金的变动影响。 相似文献
37.
张齐鹏 《南阳师范学院学报》2006,5(6):18-21
运用适应动力学的范式和方法,分析具密度依赖寄主死亡率的两种病毒的流行病模型,在合理的普通假设下,一个唯一的进化稳定对策存在,并给出存在性和进化稳定性的证明. 相似文献
38.
珠江三角洲稻田区黄毛鼠种群存活率的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据5年来捕获得的珠江三角洲稻田区黄毛鼠种群总数量和孕鼠数量为基础，研究估算种群各月、各季节的存活率．黄毛鼠种群中．性比（♀：♂）1：121；妊娠期21～24d；胎仔数6．1±0．9只；年均怀孕率33．7％；每年繁殖起始日期3月10日，终止日期11月20日；胚胎至幼鼠的时间是43d种群季节存活率夏季（6～8月）最大，春季（3～5月）次之，冬季（12～翌年2月）最低．这与气候条件和种群内在因素有关． 相似文献
39.
BackgroundDespite strong associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor health, few studies have examined the cumulative impact of ACEs on causes of childhood mortality.MethodsThis study explored if data routinely collected by child death overview panels (CDOPs) could be used to measure ACE exposure and examined associations between ACEs and child death categories. Data covering four years (2012–2016) of cases from a CDOP in North West England were examined.ResultsOf 489 cases, 20% were identified as having ≥4 ACEs. Deaths of children with ≥4 ACEs were 22.26 (5.72–86.59) times more likely (than those with 0 ACEs) to be classified as ‘avoidable and non-natural’ causes (e.g., injury, abuse, suicide; compared with ‘genetic and medical conditions’). Such children were also 3.44 (1.75–6.73) times more likely to have their deaths classified as ‘chronic and acute conditions’.ConclusionsThis study evidences that a history of ACEs can be compiled from CDOP records. Measurements of ACE prevalence in retrospective studies will miss individuals who died in childhood and may underestimate the impacts of ACEs on lifetime health. Strong associations between ACEs and deaths from ‘chronic and acute conditions’ suggest that ACEs may be important factors in child deaths in addition to those classified as ‘avoidable and non-natural’. Results add to an already compelling case for ACE prevention in the general population and families affected by child health problems. Broader use of routinely collected child death records could play an important role in improving multi-agency awareness of ACEs and their negative health and mortality risks as well in the development of ACE informed responses. 相似文献
40.
王燕丽 《金华职业技术学院学报》2002,2(2):33-34
本文介绍了使用胃导管饲喂仔猪降低仔猪断奶前死亡率的效果，并从饲喂次数、饲喂量、饲喂的物质，以及饲喂步骤等方面重点讨论了胃导管在仔猪饲养中的应用技术。 相似文献