试析山东近现代图书馆学的发展基础与成就     

刘霞 《图书情报工作》2010,54(7):55-58

以对山东近现代图书馆学家主要成果的系统分析为基础,梳理山东近现代图书馆学的发展脉络,探讨与研究山东近现代图书馆学的发展规律,为当代图书馆学研究提供参考。特别指出山东近现代图书馆学家能够继承和发扬山东古代图书馆学研究的优良传统,结合中国实际,吸收先进的理论和方法,确立山东图书馆学研究的前沿地位。  相似文献   

科学家与公众对核能技术接受度的比较分析——以日本福岛核泄露事故为例     

郭跃  汝鹏  苏竣 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(2):153-158

核能技术的应用历来在各国存在广泛争议。2011年3月的福岛核泄漏事故再度引发国际社会对核能技术安全性与可推广性的关注,并争论不休。在福岛核泄漏事故中,科学家与公众对核能技术的接受度表现出明显的差异。分析了福岛核泄漏事故中科学家与公众对核能技术的接受度,从决定因素的角度探讨了造成科学家与公众对核能技术的接受度差异的原因,并对我国未来的核能发展战略提出政策建议。  相似文献   

Engineering Organization and the Scientist in World War I: The Search for National Service and Recognition     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):257-268

Abstract

When the United States entered World War I in 1917, there was no elaborate framework for providing scientific advice to the government. Engineers and scientists struggled to find an appropriate mechanism, but the former found themselves subordinated to a scientific community which sought to dominate emerging structures. At stake was not merely the credit for helping win the war, but also an advantage in the coming postwar definition and expansion of industrial research. Scientific leaders sought advantage by making a distinction between ‘engineering research’ and engineering practice, and claiming jurisdiction over the former.  相似文献   

Citizens of somewhere: Examining the geography of foreign and native-born academics’ engagement with external actors     

Cornelia Lawson  Ammon Salter  Alan Hughes  Michael Kitson 《Research Policy》2019,48(3):759-774

This paper explores the geography of academic engagement patterns of native and foreign-born academics, contrasting how patterns of intranational and international engagement with non-academic actors differ between these two groups. We suggest that foreign-born academics will engage more internationally than their native-born colleagues, whereas native-born academics will have greater levels of intranational engagement. Drawing upon a large multi-source dataset, including a major new survey of all academics working in the UK, we find support for the idea that where people are born influences how they engage with non-academic actors. We also find that these differences are attenuated by an individual’s intranational and international experience, ethnicity and language skills. We explore the implications of these findings for policy to support intranational and international academic engagement.  相似文献   

Soviet scientists in chinese institutes: A historical study of cooperation between the two academies of sciences in 1950s     

Jiuchen Zhang  Feklova T. Yu 《Endeavour》2018,42(1):17-26

In the 1950s, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) engaged in close cooperation with the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The CAS sent scientists to the Soviet Academy to work as interns, study for advanced degrees, or engage in academic cooperation, and a large number of Soviet scientists were invited by the various institutes of the CAS to come to China to give lectures, direct research, help make scientific plans, and collaborate. The comprehensive cooperation between the two academies was launched at a time when the CAS institutes were in their embryonic stage, which suggests that the better-established Soviet scientists had the opportunity to play a dominate role. But the reality is not so straightforward. The case studies in this paper suggest that besides the influence of compatible political movements in China and the Soviet Union and bilateral ties between these two nations’ scientific institutes, disharmony in actual working relationships prevented Soviet scientists from playing the role they might have envisioned within the CAS institutes. The rapid development of the cooperative relationship in a short span of time, combined with lack of experience on both sides, made for a disharmonious collaboration.  相似文献   

科技用户信息搜寻过程中的问题解决机制解释   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

甘利人  李恒 《情报学报》2006,25(4):441-450

运用认知心理学研究科技用户信息搜索过程,有利于我们从用户内在因素层面探索其特点、规律。本文在科技用户信息搜索行为模型构建以及认知心理学中的问题解决理论阐述基础上,运用认知心理学中的问题解决理论对科技用户信息搜寻行为机理进行了尝试性分析。  相似文献   

我国R＆D科学家工程师规模预测   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李晓轩  于洁 《科研管理》2004,25(3):124-130

本研究采用时间外推与目标增长两种模型预测我国 2 0 2 0年R&D科学家工程师总人数 ,并对两种模型预测结果的差异作了分析。研究认为 ,时间外推模型侧重科学家工程师的质量 ,目标增长模型侧重数量 ;时间外推模型侧重发挥国家导向作用的日本和欧盟模式 ,目标增长模型侧重发挥企业自发作用的美国模式  相似文献   

中外女科学家成功因素分析     

陈劲  贾丽娜 《科学学研究》2006,24(Z2):353-360

运用心理学、教育学、哲学、人才学、管理学、成功学等多种学科知识,并结合中外女科学家家庭背景、所受教育、所处发展环境、婚姻以及个人品质等方面进行分类分析,探讨她们的一些共同特征和促使其获得成功的若干重要相关影响因素。  相似文献   

Amateurism and autodidactism: a modest proposal?     

Richard Edwards 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2015,36(6):868-880

Around the globe a great emphasis has been placed upon improving public service delivery by reforming and enhancing professionalism. The impact and significance of the associated changes have been much debated with a focus on issues of de- and re-professionalisation, and demarcations of expertise and work. Professionals and professionalism remain the central focus while service users and non-professionals still tend to be positioned as ‘other’: their roles tending to be taken into account, but as additional rather than essential to service provision. By contrast, this article sets out a modest proposal to consider the relational configurations of actors involved in public services drawing upon certain dynamics of amateurism. This article suggests that the dynamics of doing something ‘for the love of it’, supported by the ‘passion to learn’ of autodidactism, provide the basis for rethinking some of the assumptions made and issues faced when addressing the challenges of the public services. Drawing upon historical and contemporary illustrations of the contributions of amateurism to professional practice, this article argues for the need to explore possibilities beyond existing binary of professional–amateur.  相似文献   

产学科学知识转移网络中的桥接科学家角色分析     

裴云龙  郭菊娥  江旭 《科学学与科学技术管理》2015,(3)

首先,基于企业科学家与大学科学家之间的论文合作关系和专利合作关系分别建立科学家合作发表网络与合作发明网络,然后将二者整合组成科学家RD合作网络,代表了完整的产学科学知识转移网络。其次,对桥接科学家在科学家RD合作网络形成过程中的作用及其网络节点特征进行分析,揭示其跨界联系人的角色。再次,通过网络结构对比分析,发现整合了合作发明关系后产学科学知识转移网络的结构凝聚性和连通性大幅提高。最后,总结桥接科学家在产学科学知识转移过程中联系产业界与科学界、识别有价值科学知识,改善产学科学知识转移网络结构和提高产学科学知识转移效率的作用。  相似文献