Effects of childhood trauma on personality in a sample of Chinese adolescents     

XianBin Li  ZhiMin Wang  YeZhi Hou  Ying Wang  JinTong Liu  ChuanYue Wang 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Childhood trauma is a major public health problem which has an impact on personality development, yet no studies have examined the association between exposure to trauma and personality in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Four hundred eighty-five students completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The CTQ-SF cut-off scores for exposure were used to calculate the prevalence of trauma. The possible associations between specific types of trauma and the EPQ subscale scores were examined. The rates of emotional abuse (EA), physical abuse (PA), sexual abuse (SA), emotional neglect (EN), and physical neglect (PN) were 18.76%, 11.13%, 27.01%, 49.48%, and 68.66%, respectively. Individuals subjected to EA, PA, and SA had significantly higher neuroticism (EPQ-N) and psychoticism (EPQ-P) scores on the EPQ compared with those who had not experienced EA, PA, or SA (all p values < 0.05). Significant positive correlations existed between CTQ-SF subscale scores for EA, SA, CTQ-SF total scores, and EPQ-N, EPQ-P scores (all p values < 0.05). Significant number of subjects in this adolescent sample reported experience of childhood abuse and neglect. Exposure to childhood trauma is associated with personality development in Chinese adolescents.  相似文献   

青少年拳击运动员赛前训练过程控制的研究     

谢飞剑 《当代体育科技》2020,(11):62-63

青少年拳击运动员赛前训练对比赛质量有直接影响,科学有序的赛前训练不仅可以调节青少年运动员的心理状态,还可以让运动员快速进入比赛状态,有效防止出现伤病问题。本文从青少年拳击比赛赛前训练的实际需要出发,运用系统化的方法安排青少年运动员的赛前训练,保证运动员赛前训练的合理性、科学性和过程性,从而提高赛前训练质量。  相似文献   

家庭功能与青少年自尊发展的相关研究     

张静  张萍 《毕节学院学报》2013,(11):81-86

采用家庭功能评定量表（FAD）与自尊量表（SES）对450名在校大学生进行测查,探讨了家庭功能与青少年自尊发展的关系.结果表明：青少年自尊水平在性别变量和父亲文化的变量上差异显著;青少年自尊与家庭功能评定的所有维度都显示出显著的正相关.  相似文献   

Expected versus actual responses to disclosure in relationships of HIV‐positive African American adolescent females     

Kathryn Greene  Sandra L. Faulkner 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):297-317

Ten HIV‐positive African American adolescent females were interviewed regarding disclosure of their HIV infection in various relationships. Communication Boundary Management (Petronio, 1991) provided a framework for understanding disclosure patterns in these relationships. Participants described expected (n = 113) and actual (n = 94) responses to disclosing an HIV diagnosis. The findings indicate that expected response and the target of disclosure affect adolescents’ disclosure decisions. Participants expected targets of disclosure to respond as follows: experience negative emotional reactions, provide support, treat them differently, tell others, or were unsure of a target's response. On the basis of these findings, five themes were identified related to actual responses to disclosure of HIV infection: different treatment, negative emotional reaction, received support, target told others, and treated no differently. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Childhood maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder among incarcerated young offenders     

Elizabeth Moore  Claire Gaskin  Devon Indig 《Child abuse & neglect》2013

Young offenders have a high prevalence of mental illness and a large proportion report experiencing a number of traumatic events during childhood, but there is little research exploring this association. This study describes the prevalence of, and association between, child maltreatment and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among young offenders. The study uses data collected as part of the 2009 NSW Young People in Custody Health Survey which was conducted in nine juvenile detention centers. This paper reports on findings from the baseline questionnaires and 18-months of re-offending data. The analysis included 291 participants who were assessed for PTSD and child maltreatment. The sample was 88% male, 48% Aboriginal, with an average age of 17 years (range 13–21 years). One in five (20%) participants were diagnosed with PTSD, with females significantly more likely to have PTSD than males (40% vs. 17%, p < 0.05). Over half (60%) of young offenders reported any child abuse or neglect, with females nearly 10 times more likely to report three or more kinds of severe child maltreatment than males. The main correlate for a diagnosis of PTSD was having three or more kinds of severe child maltreatment (OR = 6.73, 95% CI: 1.06–42.92). This study provides evidence for the need to comprehensively assess child abuse and neglect among young offenders in order to provide appropriate treatment in custody and post-release.  相似文献   

青少年耐力训练及有氧适应     

张子超  张爱军  王松 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2008,28(12)

青少年进行体育锻炼有利于身体发展和身心健康。有氧耐力训练能够增加青少年对运动忍受能力,最终提高青少年的运动能力。有氧耐力训练可以提高峰值摄氧量,平均提高为5％～6％。青少年具有较高无氧阈值,训练强度超过80％最大心率可能是提高有氧适应所必须的。  相似文献   

The intertwined effect of lack of emotional warmth and child abuse and neglect on common mental disorders in adolescence     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Adolescence is a vulnerable period for mental health problems. Although child abuse and neglect (CAN) are known risk factors for some of them, it is not clear if the negative consequences on mental health also occur in families where CAN and a warm parent-child relationship coexist. The aim of this study is to explore this gap and investigate the effects of different types of CAN according to levels of warmth in the parent-child relationship on common mental disorders (CMD) in adolescence. This is a cross-sectional study encompassing 487 adolescents attending the ninth grade at 2 public and 4 private schools in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CAN was measured by the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), CMD by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the level of warmth in the parent-child relationship were recalled using short Egna Minnen Betraffände Uppfostran (s-EMBU-23). The adjusted separate effects of different types of CAN and a low level of warmth in the parent-child relationship, and both in tandem, were estimated using multivariate linear regression models. Results indicated that emotional abuse and neglect, physical abuse and neglect, and a low level of warmth in the parent-child relationship are important risk factors for CMD in adolescence. Nevertheless, in families where CAN coexist with a warm and affectionate parent-child relationship, the negative effects of CAN on mental health are attenuated. Evidence indicates that actions to prevent or interrupt CAN and improving parental practices could be effective strategies to reduce CMD in adolescence.  相似文献   

Assessing exploitation experiences of girls and boys seen at a Child Advocacy Center     

《Child abuse & neglect》2015

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Chronic neglect and aggression/delinquency: A longitudinal examination     

《Child abuse & neglect》2015

Neglect is the most common form of maltreatment in the United States, yet its impact on development remains understudied, especially for chronic neglect. Chronic neglect is also one of the most costly burdens on child welfare systems. This study examines the effects of chronic neglect, including two subtypes (Failure to Provide and Lack of Supervision) on adolescent aggression and delinquency using a diverse longitudinal sample of youth. Chronic neglect and chronic failure to provide (ages 0–12) predicted aggression/delinquency (age 14) even after controlling for the effects of other maltreatment (ages 0–12). Chronic lack of supervision, however, did not. Gender significantly moderated these effects, suggesting that males are more likely to respond to neglect by becoming aggressive/delinquent. Finally, social problems (age 12) partially mediated for boys, and fully mediated for girls, the connections between chronic neglect and aggression/delinquency, bolstering theorizing that neglect impairs social functioning broadly. Implications include the need for further research on chronic neglect, especially in providing guidance for child welfare systems. Interventions for chronically neglected youth should include social skill development.  相似文献   

Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking child maltreatment exposure and self-harm behaviors in adolescents     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

Although child maltreatment exposure is a recognized risk factor for self-harm, mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Self-harm may function as a compensatory strategy to regulate distressing emotions. This cross-sectional study examines if emotion dysregulation mediates between the severity of maltreatment exposure and self-harm, adjusting for demographic variables and depressive symptoms. Participants were 108 adolescent patients recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Singapore (mean age 17.0 years, SD = 1.65; 59.3% female). Study measures included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Path analysis was conducted to examine the direct and indirect effects of maltreatment exposure on self-harm via emotion dysregulation, controlling for demographic variables and depressive symptoms. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapped confidence intervals (CI). Results showed that self-harm was highly prevalent in our sample (75.9%). Emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms were found to be associated with higher self-harm frequency. In addition, results from path analysis showed that the association between the severity of maltreatment exposure and self-harm frequency was significantly mediated by emotion dysregulation B = 0.07, p < 0.05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.16]. Thus, emotion dysregulation may be a proximal mechanism linking maltreatment exposure and adolescent self-harm. Notably, self-harm may represent maladaptive attempts to manage emotion dysregulation that may have resulted from maltreatment. Findings from the study have implications for the prevention and treatment of self-harm in maltreated youth.  相似文献