Clinician perspectives and practices regarding the use of exercise in the treatment of adolescent depression     

Sara Radovic  Glenn Alexander Melvin  Michael Solomon Gordon 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(12):1371-1377

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Larger strength losses and muscle activation deficits in plantar flexors induced by backward downhill in reference to distance-matched forward uphill treadmill walk     

Olivier Girard  Sébastien Banzet  Nathalie Koulmann  Mounir Chennaoui  Catherine Drogou  Hakim Chalabi 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(10):1346-1356

We tested the hypothesis that backward downhill walking (eccentric component) impairs both voluntary activation and muscle contractile properties in the plantar flexors and delays recovery as compared to a gradient and distance-matched uphill walk. Fourteen males performed two 30-min walking exercises (velocity: 1?m/?s; grade: 25%; load: 12% of body weight), one downhill (DW) and one uphill (UP), in a counterbalanced order, separated by 6?weeks. Neuromuscular test sessions were performed before, after, 24-, 48- and 72-h post-exercise, including motor nerve stimulations during brief (5?s) and sustained (1?min) maximal isometric voluntary contractions of the plantar flexors. DW (?18.1?±?11.1%, P?P?=.15), decreased torque production during brief contractions for at least three days post-exercise (P?P?P?=?.024) and DW (?25.6?±?10.3%, P?P?=?.001) was lower in DW than UP. Peak twitch torque and maximum rates of torque development and relaxation were equally reduced after UP and DW (P?P?P?>?.05). Using a direct comparison, the capacity to drive the plantar flexors during sustained contractions remains sub-optimal during the three-day recovery period in response to non-exhaustive, downhill backward walking in reference to an uphill exercise matched for distance covered.  相似文献   

Response of brain-derived neurotrophic factor to combining cognitive and physical exercise     

Toshiaki Miyamoto  Saya Hashimoto  Hideya Yanamoto  Mai Ikawa  Yoshiki Nakano  Takashi Sekiyama 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(8):1119-1127

Purpose: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well known for its potential to promote brain plasticity. It has been proposed that combining cognitive and physical exercise (CCPE) may have the potential to generate more synergistic benefits in cognitive function than either cognitive exercise (CE) or physical exercise (PE) alone. The purpose of this study was to examine acute responses of peripheral BDNF levels and cognitive performance to CE, PE, and CCPE.

Methods: Thirteen healthy adult men participated in four experimental sessions; a 30-min CE, a 30-min cycling PE at an intensity of 60% peak oxygen uptake, a 30-min CCPE at the same intensity as PE, and a 30-min session of complete rest. Plasma BDNF levels and cognitive performance were measured before and after each session.

Results: Both PE and CCPE significantly increased plasma BDNF levels (p?p?≥?.05), and there was no significant difference in peripheral BDNF levels between PE and CCPE (p?≥?.05). No session induced a significant change in cognitive performance (p?≥?.05).

Conclusions: Our study suggests that CE and PE have different responses of peripheral BDNF levels and that CCPE had no additional or synergistic effect on peripheral BDNF levels compared with PE alone. This study offers further insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the respective roles of CE, PE, and CCPE for peripheral BDNF levels and cognitive performance.  相似文献   

“Connect,” Log It,Track It,Go! Techne—Not Technology—and Embodiment to Achieve Phronesis in Exercise Promotion     

Maria Kosma  David R. Buchanan 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2018,70(1):100-113

Given the rise in obesity and the positive exercise effects in curbing obesity levels, exercise promoters are expected to use technological applications—social media and fitness applications—in their exercise motivational programs. The purpose of this article is to critique the use of social media and fitness apps as both ineffective and potentially harmful. An alternative approach is proposed where phronesis (practical wisdom) in exercise participation can be achieved via physical and cognitive mastery of the action for its own sake (real techne-art, embodiment). Emphasizing exercise outcomes (e.g., energy expenditure) captured by external devices distracts from embodied and phronetic action. Drawing on the philosophies of phronesis, techne, and embodiment, exercise promoters should emphasize embodied exercise experiences via mastery of action, social interactions, and connectedness to nature. They should target real action in real communities, and not emotionless and meaningless online forums about how to become the ultimate virtual fitness buff.  相似文献   

Feasibility for the Use of a Standardized Fitness Testing Protocol Among Australian Fitness Industry Professionals     

Jason A. Bennie  Glen H. Wiesner  Ineke Vergeer  Tracy L. Kolbe-Alexander  Katrien De Cocker  Chris Alexander 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2018,89(3):380-385

Purpose: There is currently no standardized testing protocol for assessing clients’ fitness/health within the Australian fitness industry. This study examined the perceptions of the feasibility of using a standardized testing protocol among Australian fitness industry professionals. Method: In 2014, 1,206 registered fitness industry professionals (aged 17–69 years) completed an online survey. Perceived feasibility for using a standardized testing protocol was assessed based on responses to 6 items. Respondents were classified as having a high level of perceived feasibility if they reported all 6 items to be “definitely feasible.” A multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for demographic and fitness industry-related factors (e.g., qualification/years of experience), assessed the likelihood of having a high level of perceived feasibility. Results: Overall, 25.5% (95% CI [23.1%, 28.0%]) of the sample perceived the use of a standardized testing protocol as highly feasible. Items ranked most often as “definitely feasible” were “undertaking training to use the protocol” (55%) and “conducting follow-up testing every 6 to 12 weeks” (52%). After adjustment for the effect of confounding factors, casually employed professionals (OR = 0.63; 95% CI [0.45, 0.90]) and group instructors (OR = 0.58; 95% CI [0.41, 0.82]) were less likely to perceive standardized testing protocols as highly feasible. Conclusions: Among a large sample of Australian fitness industry professionals, slightly more than a quarter perceived using a standardized testing protocol to be highly feasible. Group instructors and casual employees perceived lower feasibility. Further research should determine the barriers to implementing a standardized testing protocol across the fitness industry.  相似文献   

Beyond health messaging: a behavioural economics approach to increasing self-selected distance during an acute bout of cycling     

Aaron T. Piepmeier  Jennifer L. Etnier  Kimberly S. Fasczewski 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1264-1270

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the perceived purpose of exercising on the self-selected distance peddled during an acute cycling task. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (health, wealth, charity). All participants watched a video emphasizing the health benefits of performing at least 30?min of daily exercise. Those in the health group were not provided any additional information. Those in the wealth group were then informed that they would earn money for every two kilometres cycled. Those in the charity group were informed that they would earn money for a charity for every two kilometres cycled. Participants were not given a time/distance limit and were instructed to cycle until they chose to stop. Analyses revealed that participants in the wealth and charity group cycled significantly farther than those in the health group (approximately twice as far). Additionally, a significant sex by group interaction showed that women cycled farther for charity while men cycled farther for wealth. These results suggest that health messages used to increase exercise behaviour may benefit from exploring how paradigms from behavioural economics influence behaviors that have relevance to public health.  相似文献   

我国大学生参与运动的自我归因、自我效能及其锻炼行为间的整合性调查与分析     

孙兴东 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,24(5):126-128

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和数据分析法,对自我归因、自我效能与锻炼行为三者之间关系进行研究。结果表明：自我归因不仅能够直接预测锻炼行为,而且还能够通过自我效能对锻炼行为起间接作用,三者之间是一种顺向互动的促进关系;如果把成功归因于内在可控的因素（能力和努力）,自我效能感将得到增强,锻炼行为的效果明显,但如果把成功归因于任务或运气等因素,自我效能将得不到增强,锻炼行为的效果不明显。  相似文献   

用进废退：老年人参与运动锻炼多维心理效果测量与评价     

沈鹤军  蒋丰  杭杰 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,24(6):125-128

采用＂划字测验＂、＂瑞文测验＂、＂BFS心境测验＂、＂SCL—90测验＂,对经常参加运动锻炼与不锻炼的老年人进行调查。研究发现,经常参加运动锻炼能够延缓老年人智力的衰退,提高老年人心理健康水平,调节老年人的情绪,使他们愉悦、乐观等良性情绪显著提高,愤怒、激动等消极情绪显著降低。  相似文献   

不同运动方式对学生体质健康影响的研究     

张龙  雷刚  高徐 《六盘水师范高等专科学校学报》2010,22(4):82-84

为了探讨不同运动方式对学生体质的影响,通过20名学生分为2组进行为期8周的不同运动方式的运动锻炼,以形态、机能、素质和免疫指标的对比研究为手段,探讨不同运动方式对学生体质的影响,结果表明,通过8周的不同运动方式的运动后,实验组和对照组学生身体形态、机能、素质和免疫能力均得以提高,实验组因运动强度的控制,学生体质改善明显高于对照组。  相似文献   

互联网：问题解决的朋友还是敌人？     

Jeffrey J.Wanko  李善佳 《宁波广播电视大学学报》2009,7(2):57-59

互联网在问题解决中利弊参半。通过探究和发现,互联网促进数学理解,但直接或间接地对问题提供了解答,使问题降格为练习。本文通过10个例子,探讨互联网在问题解决中的几个问题。  相似文献