Initiating running barefoot: Effects on muscle activation and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners     

Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas  José Ignacio Priego Quesada  José Vicente Giménez  Inma Aparicio  Irene Jimenez-Perez  Pedro Pérez-Soriano 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1145-1152

Runners tend to shift from a rearfoot to a forefoot strike pattern when running barefoot. However, it is unclear how the first attempts at running barefoot affect habitually rearfoot shod runners. Due to the inconsistency of their recently adopted barefoot technique, a number of new barefoot-related running injuries are emerging among novice barefoot runners. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the influence of three running conditions (natural barefoot [BF], barefoot with a forced rearfoot strike [BRS], and shod [SH]) on muscle activity and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners. Twenty-two participants ran at 60% of their maximal aerobic speed while foot strike, tibial and head impact accelerations, and tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle activity were registered. Only 68% of the runners adopted a non-rearfoot strike pattern during BF. Running BF led to a reduction of TA activity as well as to an increase of GL and GM activity compared to BRS and SH. Furthermore, BRS increased tibial peak acceleration, tibial magnitude and tibial acceleration rate compared to SH and BF. In conclusion, 32% of our runners showed a rearfoot strike pattern at the first attempts at running barefoot, which corresponds to a running style (BRS) that led to increased muscle activation and impact accelerations and thereby to a potentially higher risk of injury compared to running shod.  相似文献   

Labor''''s Response to Industrialization in the Late-nineteenth-century America     

Guo Ruizhi　Guo Yanzhi 《陕西师范大学继续教育学报》2006,23(Z1):228-232

Ⅰ.INTRODUCTIONIn any industrial country,labor should always betaken as the main stream which pushes forward theprosperity of its national strength.So no one can denythe factthatthe rapid industrial developmentin the U-nited States of the late nineteenth …  相似文献   

破解高校债务问题的理性选择     

冯国有  栗玉香 《现代教育论丛》2007,(6):55-58,73

出于教育事业发展的需要,高校进行了大规模扩招,这就使高校债务成为困扰高校可持续发展的重要问题。破解高校债务问题需要政府和高校共同努力,需要理性的对策选择。  相似文献   

Effects of the golfer–ground interaction on clubhead speed in skilled male golfers     

Ki Hoon Han  Christopher Como  Jemin Kim  Sangwoo Lee  Jaewoong Kim  Dae Kyoo Kim 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(2):115-134

The purposes of this study were to characterise the golfer–ground interactions during the swing and to identify meaningful associations between the golfer–ground interaction force/moment parameters and the maximum clubhead speed in 63 highly skilled male golfers (handicap ≤ 3). Golfers performed shots in 3 club conditions (driver, 5-iron and pitching wedge) which were captured by an optical motion capture system and 2 force plates. In addition to the ground reaction forces (GRFs), 3 different golfer–ground interaction moments (GRF moments, pivoting moments and foot contact moments) were computed. The GRF moment about the forward/backward (F/B) axis and the pivoting moment about the vertical axis were identified as the primary moments. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations of peak force parameters (all components in the lead foot and F/B component in the trail foot) and peak moment parameters (lead-foot GRF moment and trail-foot pivoting moment) to clubhead speed were found. The lead-foot was responsible for generating the GRF moment, while the trail foot contributed to the pivoting moment more. The instant the lead arm becomes parallel to the ground was identified as the point of maximum angular effort, and the loading onto the lead-foot near this point was critical in generating both peak moments.  相似文献   

Acute and chronic effects of aquatic treadmill training on land treadmill running kinematics: A cross-over and single-subject design approach     

Eadric Bressel  Talin J. Louder  James P. Hoover  Luke C. Roberts  Dennis G. Dolny 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(21):2105-2113

The aim of this study was to determine if selected kinematic measures (foot strike index [SI], knee contact angle and overstride angle) were different between aquatic treadmill (ATM) and land treadmill (LTM) running, and to determine if these measures were altered during LTM running as a result of 6 weeks of ATM training. Acute effects were tested using 15 competitive distance runners who completed 1 session of running on each treadmill type at 5 different running speeds. Subsequently, three recreational runners completed 6 weeks of ATM training following a single-subject baseline, intervention and withdrawal experiment. Kinematic measures were quantified from digitisation of video. Regardless of speed, SI values during ATM running (61.3 ± 17%) were significantly greater (P = 0.002) than LTM running (42.7 ± 23%). Training on the ATM did not change (pre/post) the SI (26 ± 3.2/27 ± 3.1), knee contact angle (165 ± 0.3/164 ± 0.8) or overstride angle (89 ± 0.4/89 ± 0.1) during LTM running. Although SI values were different between acute ATM and LTM running, 6 weeks of ATM training did not appear to alter LTM running kinematics as evidenced by no change in kinematic values from baseline to post intervention assessments.  相似文献   

Initial foot contact and related kinematics affect impact loading rate in running     

Bastiaan Breine  Philippe Malcolm  Ine Van Caekenberghe  Pieter Fiers  Edward C. Frederick  Dirk De Clercq 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1556-1564

This study assessed kinematic differences between different foot strike patterns and their relationship with peak vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR) of the ground reaction force (GRF). Fifty-two runners ran at 3.2 m · s^?1 while we recorded GRF and lower limb kinematics and determined foot strike pattern: Typical or Atypical rearfoot strike (RFS), midfoot strike (MFS) of forefoot strike (FFS). Typical RFS had longer contact times and a lower leg stiffness than Atypical RFS and MFS. Typical RFS showed a dorsiflexed ankle (7.2 ± 3.5°) and positive foot angle (20.4 ± 4.8°) at initial contact while MFS showed a plantar flexed ankle (?10.4 ± 6.3°) and more horizontal foot (1.6 ± 3.1°). Atypical RFS showed a plantar flexed ankle (?3.1 ± 4.4°) and a small foot angle (7.0 ± 5.1°) at initial contact and had the highest VILR. For the RFS (Typical and Atypical RFS), foot angle at initial contact showed the highest correlation with VILR (r = ?0.68). The observed higher VILR in Atypical RFS could be related to both ankle and foot kinematics and global running style that indicate a limited use of known kinematic impact absorbing “strategies” such as initial ankle dorsiflexion in MFS or initial ankle plantar flexion in Typical RFS.  相似文献   

中长跑     

《中华武术》2008,(3)

技术概述与短跑运动员以脚前掌外侧着地不同,中跑运动员更倾向于用脚的中部外侧着地,而长跑运动员则以脚的中部与脚跟之间的外侧着地。在中、长跑中,脚的着地过程都是由脚尖移至整个脚掌,进而由于体重因素,脚跟触地。  相似文献   

普通高校定向越野体育课程建设的研究     

许佳晖  陈铁成 《福建体育科技》2011,30(1):45-47

本丈采取文献资料法、专家访谈法、调查法、逻辑归纳法、数理统计法等方法,为普通高校大学体育定向越野课程建设提供参考依据.研究认为普通高校大学体育定向越野课程目标的设立必须紧扣<全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要>(以下简称"<纲要>");课程建设还未真正做到解放传统体育教学思想,需要进一步探索更加适合定向越野教学的规律...  相似文献   

飞机场植被与鸟击防范的研究     

马金生  孟祥海  张建生  苗宝 《山东教育学院学报》2012,27(5)

飞机场是一个开放的、半自然状态的、人为可控制的、比较稳定的特殊生态系统。在这个系统中基础就是生产者——自养型的绿色植物（植被）。对于植被与鸟击防范的关系,在借鉴国内外的一些范例的基础上,结合自己的工作实践进行了较系统的探讨。  相似文献   

竞技武术套路与部分奥运会难美类项目的比较研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

贾海如 《武汉体育学院学报》2006,40(4):93-96,103

从难美的角度对同项群类的武术套路、艺术体操、竞技体操等项目进行对比研究，认为竞技武术套路美的本质特征是技击艺术化。竞技武术套路应遵循难美项群的发展规律，借鉴其他同项群项目的成功经验，开辟本项目的发展空间，以期挖掘武术套路的本质特征，防止生搬硬套的异化武术套路，保持好套路的项目特点。  相似文献