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51.
Learning trajectories vary amazingly widely across countries, regions, and individual students in dynamic ways. In this paper we develop a parametrized structural model of the dynamics of the learning process and use the model for suggestive policy applications. We first synthesize the existing empirical literature on learning profiles, which suggest a clear set of parameters that formally characterize the learning process. We then calibrate this model of the learning process to reproduce the distribution of observed learning outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Applying our calibrated model to policy simulations, we find that expanding schooling to universal attainment of basic education without changing the dynamics of the learning process would produce very little additional learning. Adjusting other parameters in the model, however, has large, positive effects. Slowing the pace of curriculum, so that more children can keep up, increases average learning in grade 10 by the learning equivalent of 1.6 years of schooling. Expanding the student skill levels that learn from a given level of instruction to account for within classroom heterogeneity of learning levels increases average grade 10 learning by the equivalent of a full year of schooling. The parameters we use are flexible, to accommodate the learning process in different contexts, and future work could explore additional parameterizations and calibrations for informing plans to improve education systems’ coherence for learning. 相似文献
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基于SEM的高校图书馆员工作满意度研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
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Tamar Fuhrmann Bertrand Schneider Paulo Blikstein 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(8):867-893
The Bifocal Modelling Framework (BMF) is an approach for science learning which links students’ physical experimentation with computer modelling in real time, focusing on the comparison of the two media. In this paper, we explore how a Bifocal Modelling implementation supported learning outcomes related to both content and metamodeling knowledge, focusing on the role of designing models. Our study consisted of three conditions implemented with a total of 69 9th grade high-school students. The first and second classes were assigned two implementation modes of BMF: with and without a model design module. The third condition, employed as a control, consisted of a class that received instruction in the school’s traditional approach. Our results indicate that students participating in both BMF implementations demonstrated improved content knowledge and a better understanding of metamodeling. However, only the ‘BMF-with-design’ group improved significantly in both content and metamodeling knowledge. Our qualitative analyses indicate that both BMF groups designed detailed models that included scientific explanations. However only students who engaged in the model design component: (1) completed a detailed model displaying molecular interaction; and (2) developed a critical perspective about models. We discuss the implications of those results for teaching scientific science concepts and metamodeling knowledge. 相似文献
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LI Shu-yun 《大同职业技术学院学报》2008,(3)
御河是大同市内最主要的一条河流,它由北而南从城东门外流过。作为东出必经之路,御河桥上建置桥梁有着悠久的历史。目前,根据考古出土文物及参考文献可以得知,御河上建桥有确切记载始于金代,它是一座五拱石桥,元代重修时命名"兴云桥"。金代御河桥经元明二代历时四百余年,万历八年拓故基重建为十九孔石拱桥,仍名兴云桥,清嘉庆年间倾圯。 相似文献
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L. Passfield JG. Hopker S. Jobson D. Friel M. Zabala 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1426-1434
ABSTRACTMobile power meters provide a valid means of measuring cyclists’ power output in the field. These field measurements can be performed with very good accuracy and reliability making the power meter a useful tool for monitoring and evaluating training and race demands. This review presents power meter data from a Grand Tour cyclist’s training and racing and explores the inherent complications created by its stochastic nature. Simple summary methods cannot reflect a session’s variable distribution of power output or indicate its likely metabolic stress. Binning power output data, into training zones for example, provides information on the detail but not the length of efforts within a session. An alternative approach is to track changes in cyclists’ modelled training and racing performances. Both critical power and record power profiles have been used for monitoring training-induced changes in this manner. Due to the inadequacy of current methods, the review highlights the need for new methods to be established which quantify the effects of training loads and models their implications for performance. 相似文献
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世界花样游泳集体自由自选造型变化趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探索世界花样游泳造型变化的趋势,对2007年十二届世锦赛,2006年第六届世界杯,2005年十一届世锦赛和2004年第28届奥运会花样游泳比赛集体自由自选前六名队伍的造型变化进行统计分析。结果显示：造型数量增加,变化速度加快,密度难度加大;托举的类型增加、层次增多,出水的人数增多,出水位置高,成型时间短,动作惊险、多变。中国队托举与立体造型进步明显,而密集编队、盲点编队、倒立移动编队等体现编队难度的指标与世界前三名队伍相比有一定的差距。 相似文献
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韩英 《鞍山师范学院学报》2010,12(4):91-93
明清家具在我国家具制作史上占有极其重要的地位.明清家具从制作风格、造型结构、选用材质、装饰手法、造型艺术等方面典型地体现了中国家具所具有的极其精湛的工艺价值、极高的艺术欣赏价值、丰富的历史文化价值和收藏价值. 相似文献
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分析UML和B相互转化的难点后,提出一种既克服转化难点又能得到简单证明义务的建模机制:选择包作为交互替换的UML实体去说明一个B组件和包的完整类图到一个单独B组件的转化映射,同时结合实例加以说明该机制的可行性. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT