信息行为领域选择性暴露研究:视角、方法、动向     

吴丹  樊舒 《图书情报知识》2020,(1):32-41

[目的/意义]选择性暴露在信息行为领域受到了新的关注,对其内容的梳理有利于丰富信息行为的相关研究,并提供新的研究视角。[研究设计/方法]以国内外会议、期刊发表的相关文献为研究对象,采用综合归纳法,梳理选择性暴露在信息行为领域的研究进展。[结论/发现]通过对研究方法和研究主题的分析,归纳了信息行为领域选择性暴露的研究方法,并从信息选择行为、信息获取行为、信息分享行为三个方面揭示了该主题的研究动向。[创新/价值]构建对于选择性暴露这一交叉学科概念的系统认知体系,总结现有研究成果并对未来研究进行展望。  相似文献   

It all adds up: Addressing the roles of cumulative traumatic experiences on military veterans     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress symptoms are common after discharge from military service in male and female Post-9/11 veterans, many of whom experienced combat.ObjectiveThis is a study of the impacts of childhood and adult assaults are studied both separately and together on the level of posttraumatic stress symptoms in male and female Post-9/11 veterans (N = 850) after discharge from military service.Participants and settingThis cross-sectional secondary analysis uses data from the baseline interviews of the Survey of Experiences of Returning Veterans (SERV) cohort study.MethodsChildhood sexual and physical abuse, adult sexual and physical assault, and combat exposure were the main exposures of interest and the primary outcome measurement was the Posttraumatic Symptom Checklist-Civilian, assessing symptom severity post discharge from military service.ResultsOur sample reported high rates of childhood abuse, adult victimization, combat exposure, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Tested separately, models including different types of victimization had both unique (f² = 0.30) and cumulative (f² = 0.32) effects on severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms in male and female veterans.ConclusionsOur results underscore the importance of assessing childhood and adult trauma history in returning veterans in addition to traumas they experienced during their service. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on building resilience in our military servicemembers.  相似文献   

Occult drug exposure in young children evaluated for physical abuse: An opportunity for intervention     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundAlthough screening for drug exposure is an important consideration in the evaluation of suspected child maltreatment, limited data are available on the frequency of drug exposure in children with suspected physical abuse.ObjectiveTo examine occult drug and pharmaceutical exposure in young children with suspected physical abuse.Participants and settingChildren ages 2 weeks –59 months evaluated for physical abuse by a tertiary referral center Child Protection Team.MethodsCross-sectional study of young children diagnosed with high, intermediate, or low concern for physical abuse and tested for occult drug exposure from 2013-2017. Chart review was performed to determine adherence to recommended testing and drug test results with comparison between groups.ResultsOccult drug exposures were found in 5.1% (CI 3.6–7.8) of 453 children tested: 6.0% (CI 3.6–10.0) of 232 children with high concern for physical abuse, 5.0% (CI 2.7–9.3) of 179 children with intermediate concern, and 0% of 42 children with low concern. As adherence to protocol-based screening improved during the second half of the study, so did the overall rate of detection of occult drug exposures (7.9%, CI 5.2–11.9) in 252 children with intermediate or high concern for physical abuse. Most exposures were to cocaine, although non-prescribed pharmaceutical exposures were also detected.ConclusionsUp to 7.9% of young children suspected of being physically abused also had an occult drug exposure. Given the adverse health consequences associated with exposure to a drug-endangered environment, screening for occult drug exposure should be considered in the evaluation of young children with intermediate or high concern for physical abuse.  相似文献   

BMP图形文件的特征线识别     

朱浩悦  韩利凯  张红祥 《西安文理学院学报》2008,11(3):70-72

在三维物体视频扫描系统中,需要对扫描到的图片逐一进行处理,由于系统是利用物体的明暗暴光来识别扫描的,所以对特征线的识别是系统工作的一个必备步骤．BMP图形文件的特征线识别主要实现以下几个方面的功能：图形增强、图形特征线的细化、图形特征线的连贯、图形特征线的奇异点的处理以及图形特征线的滤波．  相似文献   

将一座梵王宫疑是武陵源：《西厢记》对佛教的揭露与贬斥     

韩登庸 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2001,30(6):60-64

《西厢记》在评击封建礼教、主张青年男女婚姻自主的同时，对佛教亦进行了嘲讽与揭露，王实甫在揭露佛教的虚伪、批判佛教的反动时，采用了先扬后抑手法，极力渲染众僧不守规戒的丑陋行为，细致深刻描摹崔张在普救寺偶然邂逅、春情萌动、往来传情、深夜好合到最后两个结婚等诸多故事情节。  相似文献   

外语学习起始年龄刍议     

金黛莱 《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,34(4):57-60

不同年龄群体的语言学习者在生理、心理和认知能力上存在着明显的差异,儿童、青少年和成人学习外语或二语时各有优势。儿童有习得外语或二语的潜能,最突出的是儿童能够习得具有目的语母语者一样的发音;青少年拥有较好的模仿能力、记忆力和敏感的超语言意识;而成人的记忆能力特别强,也很容易注意到语言的形式特征。我们可以期待儿童在玩中习得更多的外语,然而对成人而言,我们可以适度地使用抽象思维能力进行外语或二语学习。语言教师应当对所有因素进行考虑,并采取相应的教学方法。  相似文献   

简论晚明暴露小说思想内容特征--以《杜骗新书》、《金瓶梅》为中心     

黄森学 《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2004,17(3):96-99

《杜骗新书》和《金瓶梅》都暴露出晚明商人的奸诈丑恶、宦官的卑劣可耻、女性的纵欲贪财和僧尼道徒的“离佛叛道”;两书都集中体现了暴露小说思想内容上的主要特征。  相似文献   

中草药对断奶仔猪生长性状的影响     

闻爱友  张玉玲  王中才 《安徽科技学院学报》2000,(3)

实验采用在断乳仔猪日粮中添加 3%的复方中草药添加剂。结果表明 ,在实验期 (仔猪断乳后 ) 2 0天后 ,仔猪在日增重实验组比对照组提高了 2 6 .5 % ,料重比实验组 (1 .38) ,比对照组 (1 .73)降低了 2 0 .3% ,腹泻率实验组 (0 .42 )比对照组 (3.2 9)降低了 87% ,实验证明筛选配制的复方中草药添加剂具有明显的促生长抗腹泻的效果  相似文献   

Child protection reports and removals of infants diagnosed with prenatal substance exposure     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundA frequent response for prenatal substance exposure (PSE) is intervention by child protective services (CPS). Previous research has examined differences in reports to CPS regarding PSE by substance exposure and by maternal race. However, little is known regarding the frequency of immediate removals by CPS relating to PSE and maternal race.MethodsWe investigated hospital reports to CPS and CPS removals of PSE infants by using linked birth, hospital discharge, and CPS records for all children born in Washington State between 2006 and 2013 (N = 760,863). We identified PSE using diagnostic codes, calculated prevalence by substance type and maternal race, and tested for differences by interactions of race and substance using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsPrevalence of PSE births varied by race with 8.1% of Native American, 2.8% of black, 1.9% of white, and 0.8% of Hispanic births diagnosed with PSE. Opioids was the most common type of PSE diagnosis at 48.2%. The majority of PSE infants (86.7%) were not removed by CPS but variations by substance type were observed. Of the interactions in the multinomial logistic regression model, only black infants exposed to alcohol were more likely to result in reports to CPS without removal than the referent group of white infants exposed to opioids.ConclusionsFindings indicate that most infants diagnosed with PSE were not removed by CPS and minority PSE infants were not reported to CPS or removed by CPS more than white infants. Racial differences identified in the prevalence of PSE present opportunities for targeted prevention efforts.  相似文献   

The differential impact of social services on young people’s resilience     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

Differential Impact Theory (DIT) can help explain which services and supports work best for which young people at which levels of risk exposure. As a complement to a growing understanding of how a child’s genetic and phenotypic traits influence treatment outcomes, DIT focuses attention on the relative impact of a child’s environment on psychosocial development. In this article, three principles of DIT will be discussed: (1) demands of higher level systems compel individuals to adapt; (2) the factors that influence individual change the most depend on the individual’s degree of risk exposure; and (3) the more complex the challenges an individual faces, the more complex the systems required to improve functioning. Two detailed case studies based on interviews and multiple file reviews will be used to illustrate these principles of DIT. Both case studies were drawn from a study of young people (average age 16.1 years) who were clients of multiple social services. While support for DIT requires further study, findings presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of the theory to explain the differential impact of services and supports on young people’s developmental trajectories where there has been exposure to high levels of risk. The application of DIT to service design is also discussed.  相似文献