Neuromuscular and technical abilities related to age in water-polo players     

Fabio De Siati  Guillaume Laffaye  Giorgio Gatta  Antonio Dello Iacono  Johnny Padulo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(15):1466-1472

Testing is one of the important tasks in any multi-step sport programme. In most ball games, coaches assess motor, physical and technical skills on a regular basis in early stages of talent identification in order to further athletes’ development. The purpose of the study was to investigate anthropometric variables and vertical jump heights as a free throw effectiveness predictor in water-polo players of different age groups. Two hundred and thirty-six young (10–18 years) male water-polo players partitioned into three age groups underwent anthropometric variables’ measures and squat- and countermovement-jump tests, and performed water-polo free throws. Anthropometric variables, vertical jump heights and throw speed – as a proxy for free throw effectiveness – resulted different over age groups. Particularly, throw speed changed from 9.28 to 13.70 m · s^?1 (+48%) from younger to older players. A multiple-regression model indicated that body height, squat-jump height and throw time together explain 52% of variance of throw speed. In conclusion, tall height, high lower limb power and throwing quickness appeared to be relevant determinants for effective free throws. Such indications can help coaches during talent identification and development processes, even by means of novel training strategies. Further research is needed over different maturity statuses.  相似文献   

Positional group significantly influences the offensive and defensive skill involvements of junior representative rugby league players during match play     

Kyle J. M. Bennett  Job Fransen  Brendan R. Scott  Colin E. Sanctuary  Tim J. Gabbett  Ben J. Dascombe 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(16):1542-1546

This study examined the skill involvements of three positional groups across a junior representative rugby league season. Data were collected from 45 rugby league players (mean ± SD; age = 16.5 ± 1.0 years) currently participating in the Harold Matthews and SG Ball Cup. Players were subdivided into hit-up forwards, adjustables and outside backs. The frequency (n · min^?1) of offensive, defensive and overall involvements was coded for each group using a notation system and a practical coach skill analysis tool. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant effect of playing position on skill involvements (F = 9.06; P < 0.001; ES = 0.41). Hit-up forwards performed a significantly greater frequency of offensive (0.31 ± 0.10), defensive (0.42 ± 0.15) and overall involvements (0.74 ± 0.19) when compared to adjustables (0.20 ± 0.08, 0.28 ± 0.08 and 0.52 ± 0.15, respectively) and outside backs (0.20 ± 0.12, 0.11 ± 0.07 and ± 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). Further, adjustables performed a significantly greater number of defensive (0.28 ± 0.08) and overall involvements (0.52 ± 0.15) when compared to outside backs (0.11 ± 0.07 and 0.31 ± 0.17, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that it is important to consider a junior player’s positional group when analysing their skill involvements. Information gained from this study could assist in the design of specific training methodologies for junior rugby league players in high-level talent development programmes.  相似文献   

Do cognitive training strategies improve motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer players? Insights from a systematic review     

Maamer Slimani  Nicola Luigi Bragazzi  David Tod  Alexandre Dellal  Olivier Hue  Foued Cheour 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2338-2349

ABSTRACT

Soccer players are required to have well-developed physical, technical and cognitive abilities. The present systematic review, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, examined the effects of cognitive training strategies on motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer performance and identified the potential moderators of the “cognitive training–soccer performance” relationship. Thirteen databases were systematically searched using keywords related to psychological or cognitive training in soccer players. The review is based on 18 studies, employing 584 soccer players aged 7–39 years. Cognitive strategies, particularly imagery, appear to improve sports performance in soccer players. Regarding imagery, the combination of two different types of cognitive imagery training (i.e., cognitive general and cognitive specific) has a positive influence on soccer performance during training, whereas motivational imagery (i.e., motivational general-arousal, motivational general-mastery and motivational specific) enhance competition performance. Younger soccer players employ cognitive general and cognitive specific imagery techniques to a greater extent than older soccer players. Combined cognitive training strategies were more beneficial than a single cognitive strategy relative to motor skills enhancement in elite (particularly midfielders) and amateur (i.e., when practising complex and specific soccer skills in precompetitive period) soccer players. In conclusion, it appears that there are differences in cognitive/psychological training interventions, and their efficacy, according to whether they are directed towards training or competition, and the age, standard and playing position of the players.  相似文献   

Development of perceived competence,tactical skills,motivation, technical skills,and speed and agility in young soccer players     

Hannele Forsman  Arto Gråstén  Minna Blomqvist  Keith Davids  Jarmo Liukkonen  Niilo Konttinen 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(14):1311-1318

ABSTRACT

The objective of this 1-year, longitudinal study was to examine the development of perceived competence, tactical skills, motivation, technical skills, and speed and agility characteristics of young Finnish soccer players. We also examined associations between latent growth models of perceived competence and other recorded variables. Participants were 288 competitive male soccer players ranging from 12 to 14 years (12.7 ± 0.6) from 16 soccer clubs. Players completed the self-assessments of perceived competence, tactical skills, and motivation, and participated in technical, and speed and agility tests. Results of this study showed that players’ levels of perceived competence, tactical skills, motivation, technical skills, and speed and agility characteristics remained relatively high and stable across the period of 1 year. Positive relationships were found between these levels and changes in perceived competence and motivation, and levels of perceived competence and speed and agility characteristics. Together these results illustrate the multi-dimensional nature of talent development processes in soccer. Moreover, it seems crucial in coaching to support the development of perceived competence and motivation in young soccer players and that it might be even more important in later maturing players.  相似文献   

Sprint and jump performances do not determine the promotion to professional elite soccer in Spain, 1994–2012     

Raul Martinez-Santos  Daniel Castillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2279-2285

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study are (a) to describe the evolution of neuromuscular performance over an 18 year period within a Spanish elite reserve team; (b) to check if there were any relation between the playing position and sprint and jump performances and (c) to look into the alleged impact of this factor on the top playing level attained by the soccer players. We considered the physical tests (5 m and 15 m sprint times and countermovement jump (CMJ) height) made by 235 players enrolled in the reserve team of the Club from 1994 to 2012 and the highest competitive-level they achieved: Spanish first (n = 39) and second divisions (n = 36) and semi-professional (n = 160). Furthermore, the players were classified according to their playing positions. The main findings were a very-likely/most-likely lower neuromuscular performance (ES = 0.48–0.68, small to moderate) in the last six-season term (2006–2012) than in the first term (1994–2000); possibly/very-likely lower performances in sprinting and CMJ (ES = 0.22–0.55, small) by central defenders (CDs) and midfielders than by other playing positions; very-likely better performances in sprinting and jumping by first and second divisions central defenders than by semi-professional central defenders (ES = 0.90–1.02, moderate). Sprint and jump performances are not a relevant physical parameter to promote to the top level of soccer in Spain except for one in six of the playing positions: CDs.  相似文献   

Position-specific performance indicators that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful teams in elite women’s indoor field hockey: implications for coaching     

Don Vinson  Derek M. Peters 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(4):311-320

The aim of this investigation was to establish median performance profiles for the six playing positions in elite women’s indoor hockey and then identify whether these position-specific profiles could discriminate between qualifying (top four), mid-table and relegated teams in the 2011–2012 England Hockey premier league. Successful passing in relegated teams was significantly lower (P < 0.008) than in mid-table and qualifying teams in four of the five outfield positions. Furthermore, the right backs of qualifying teams demonstrated significantly fewer (P < 0.008) unsuccessful passes (x? = 15.5 ± CLs 15.0 and 10.0, respectively) and interceptions (x? = 4.0 ± CLs 4.0 and 3.0, respectively) than relegated teams (x? = 19.5 ± CLs 21.0 and 17.0; x? = 7.5 ± CLs 8.0 and 6.0, respectively). Finally, the right forwards of relegated teams demonstrated significantly fewer (P < 0.008) successful interceptions (x? = 4.0 ± CLs 5.0 and 4.0, respectively) than qualifying teams (x? = 5.0 ± CLs 6.0 and 3.0, respectively) and significantly more (P < 0.008) unsuccessful interceptions (x? = 5.5 ± CLs 6.0 and 4.0, respectively) than mid-table teams (x? = 3.0 ± CLs 3.0 and 2.0, respectively). Based on these findings, coaches should adapt tactical strategies and personnel deployment accordingly to enhance the likelihood of preparing a qualifying team. Research should build from these data to examine dribbling, pressing and patterns of play when outletting.  相似文献   

论上市公司绩效评价的重要性及方法     

高景丽 《绵阳师范学院学报》2004,23(6):28-31

本在借鉴国内外企业绩效评价理论的基础上。从现代财务管理的角度，结合相关学科理论。探讨上市公司绩效评价的重要性及方法。上市公司绩效评价的重要性源于证券市场快速发展。各利益相关方需要一个科学的评价尺度。对一个上市公司的绩效评价应从三方面展开：公司基本素质分析。会计数据分析。财务状况分析。  相似文献   

自动装配生产线教学演示系统设计研制     

谢永宏  朱梅  李绍炎  黄志昌  宋志刚 《深圳职业技术学院学报》2004,3(2):30-33

在对国内外同类系统进行分析研究的基础上，结合自动化装配实际工程设计方法，设计研制了一套集多种自动化装配过程于一体的自动化生产线教学演示系统，可用于机电类专业多门课程的教学与实训，为后序开发生产机电一体化，自动装配生产线等领域的教学系统奠定了基础。  相似文献   

高师数学教学中如何实施素质教育的几点探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鲍曼  王玉文  秦进红 《黑龙江高教研究》2001,(6):88-89

本简述数学素质教训在素质教育中的作用及实施素质教育进行的五种转变。  相似文献   

高校辅导员素质模型在绩效考核中的应用     

刘振强  郭敏 《高校辅导员学刊》2019,11(3):14-17,27

高校辅导员是高等学校大学生日常性思想政治教育的骨干,对于其非物化工作成效的考核是辅导员人力资源开发的重点和难点。从胜任力素质理论出发,对辅导员的素质特征、工作行为、工作成效进行科学的考评认定。从辅导员胜任力素质分析入手,探讨辅导员胜任力素质视角下辅导员绩效考核、管理的理论与方法,建构辅导员胜任力模型的绩效考核体系,解决理论与现实的双重困惑。  相似文献